13.0.0-84

use generated esm module by default
13.0.0-83
2019-05-19 21:49:36 +02:00 · 2019-05-19 21:48:09 +02:00 · 2019-05-19 20:59:56 +02:00 · 2019-05-19 20:43:18 +02:00 · 2019-05-19 20:42:53 +02:00 · 2019-05-16 12:31:53 +02:00
38 changed files with 1273 additions and 1232 deletions
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ text, richtext, json, or XML. It is fairly easy to get started, as Yjs hides
 most of the complexity of concurrent editing. For additional information, demos,
 and tutorials visit [y-js.org](http://y-js.org/).

+:warning: Checkout the [v13 docs](./README.v13.md) for the upcoming release :warning:
+
 ### Extensions
 Yjs only knows how to resolve conflicts on shared data. You have to choose a ..
 * *Connector* - a communication protocol that propagates changes to the clients
@@ -294,12 +296,5 @@ DEBUG_COLORS=0 DEBUG=y* node app.js > log
 localStorage.debug = 'y*'
 ```

-## Contribution
-I created this framework during my bachelor thesis at the chair of computer
-science 5 [(i5)](http://dbis.rwth-aachen.de/cms), RWTH University. Since
-December 2014 I'm working on Yjs as a part of my student worker job at the i5.
-
 ## License
 Yjs is licensed under the [MIT License](./LICENSE).
-
-<yjs@dbis.rwth-aachen.de>
--- a/README.v13.md
+++ b/README.v13.md
@@ -1,15 +1,42 @@
 # ![Yjs](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/5553757/48975307-61efb100-f06d-11e8-9177-ee895e5916e5.png)
-> The shared editing library
+> A CRDT framework with a powerful abstraction of shared data

-Yjs is a library for automatic conflict resolution on shared state. It implements an operation-based CRDT and exposes its internal CRDT model as shared types. Shared types are common data types like `Map` or `Array` with superpowers - changes are automatically distributed to other peers and merged without merge conflicts.
+Yjs is a [CRDT implementation](#Yjs-CRDT-Algorithm) that exposes its internal data structure as *shared types*. Shared types are common data types like `Map` or `Array` with superpowers: changes are automatically distributed to other peers and merged without merge conflicts.

-Yjs is **network agnostic** (p2p!), supports many existing **rich text editors**, **offline editing**, **version snapshots**, **shared cursors**, and encodes update messages using **binary protocol encoding**.
+Yjs is **network agnostic** (p2p!), supports many existing **rich text editors**, **offline editing**, **version snapshots**, **undo/redo** and **shared cursors**. It scales well with an unlimited number of users and is well suited for even large documents.

 * Chat: [https://gitter.im/y-js/yjs](https://gitter.im/y-js/yjs)
-* Demos: [https://yjs.website/tutorial-prosemirror.html](https://yjs.website/tutorial-prosemirror.html)
-* API Docs: [https://yjs.website/](https://yjs.website/)
+* Demos: [https://github.com/y-js/yjs-demos](https://github.com/y-js/yjs-demos)
+* Benchmarks: [https://github.com/dmonad/crdt-benchmarks](https://github.com/dmonad/crdt-benchmarks)

-### Supported Editors:
+# Table of Contents
+
+* [Overview](#Overview)
+  * [Bindings](#Bindings)
+  * [Providers](#Providers)
+* [Getting Started](#Getting-Started)
+* [API](#API)
+  * [Shared Types](#Shared-Types)
+  * [Y.Doc](#Y.Doc)
+  * [Document Updates](#Document-Updates)
+  * [Relative Positions](#Relative-Positions)
+* [Miscellaneous](#Miscellaneous)
+  * [Typescript Declarations](#Typescript-Declarations)
+* [Yjs CRDT Algorithm](#Yjs-CRDT-Algorithm)
+* [Evaluation](#Evaluation)
+  * [Existing shared editing libraries](#Exisisting-Javascript-Libraries)
+  * [CRDT Algorithms](#CRDT-Algorithms)
+  * [Comparison of CRDT with OT](#Comparing-CRDT-with-OT)
+  * [Comparison of CRDT Algorithms](#Comparing-CRDT-Algorithms)
+  * [Comparison of Yjs with other Implementations](#Comparing-Yjs-with-other-Implementations)
+* [License and Author](#License-and-Author)
+
+
+## Overview
+
+This repository contains a collection of shared types that can be observed for changes and manipulated concurrently. Network functionality and two-way-bindings are implemented in separate modules.
+
+### Bindings

 | Name &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Cursors | Binding |  Demo |
 |---|:-:|---|---|
@@ -19,352 +46,512 @@ Yjs is **network agnostic** (p2p!), supports many existing **rich text editors**
 | [Ace](https://ace.c9.io/) | | [y-ace](http://github.com/y-js/y-ace) | [link]() |
 | [Monaco](https://microsoft.github.io/monaco-editor/) | | [y-monaco](http://github.com/y-js/y-monaco) | [link]() |

+
 ### Providers

-Setting up the communication between clients, managing awareness information, and storing shared data for offline usage is quite a hassle. *Providers* manage all that for you and are a good off-the-shelf solution
+Setting up the communication between clients, managing awareness information, and storing shared data for offline usage is quite a hassle. **Providers** manage all that for you and are the perfect starting point for your collaborative app.

-* [y-websockets](http://github.com/y-js/y-websockets)
-* [y-webrtc](http://github.com/y-js/y-webrtc)
-* [y-dat](http://github.com/y-js/y-dat)
-
-
-### Shared Types
-
-# Table of Contents
-
-* [Getting Started](#Getting-Started)
-  * [Tutorial](#Short-Tutorial)
-* [Providers](#Providers)
-  * [Websocket](#Websocket)
-  * [Ydb](#Ydb)
-  * [Create a Custom Provider](#Create-a-Custom-Provider)
-* [Shared Types](#Shared-Types)
-  * [YArray](#Yarray)
-  * [YMap](#YMap)
-  * [YText](#YText)
-  * [YXmlFragment and YXmlElement](#YXmlFragment-and-YXmlElement)
-  * [Create a Custom Type](#Create-a-Custom-Type)
-* [Bindings](#Bindings)
-  * [PromeMirror](#ProseMirror)
-  * [Quill](#Quill)
-  * [CodeMirror](#CodeMirror)
-  * [Ace](#Ace)
-  * [Monaco](#Monace)
-  * [DOM](#DOM)
-  * [Textarea](#Textarea)
-  * [Create a Custom Binding](#Create-a-Custom-Binding)
-* [Transaction](#Transaction)
-* [Offline Editing](#Offline-Editing)
-* [Awareness](#Awareness)
-* [Working with Yjs](#Working-with-Yjs)
-  * [Typescript Declarations](#Typescript-Declarations)
-* [Binary Protocols](#Binary-Protocols)
-  * [Sync Protocol](#Sync-Protocols)
-  * [Awareness Protocol](#Awareness-Protocols)
-  * [Auth Protocol](#Auth-Protocol)
-* [Yjs CRDT Algorithm](#Yjs-CRDT-Algorithm)
-* [Evaluation](#Evaluation)
-  * [Existing shared editing libraries](#Exisisting-Javascript-Products)
-  * [CRDT Algorithms](#CRDT-Algorithms)
-  * [Comparison of CRDT with OT](#Comparing-CRDT-with-OT)
-  * [Comparison of CRDT Algorithms](#Comparing-CRDT-Algorithms)
-  * [Comparison of Yjs with other Implementations](#Comparing-Yjs-with-other-Implementations)
-* [License and Author](#License-and-Author)
+<dl>
+  <dt><a href="http://github.com/y-js/y-websocket">y-websocket</a></dt>
+  <dd>A module that contains a simple websocket backend and a websocket client that connects to that backend. The backend can be extended to persist updates in a leveldb database.</dd>
+  <dt><a href="http://github.com/y-js/y-mesh">y-mesh</a></dt>
+  <dd>[WIP] Creates a connected graph of webrtc connections with a high <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strength_of_a_graph">strength</a>. It requires a signalling server that connects a client to the first peer. But after that the network manages itself. It is well suited for large and small networks.</dd>
+  <dt><a href="http://github.com/y-js/y-dat">y-dat</a></dt>
+  <dd>[WIP] Write document updates effinciently to the dat network using <a href="https://github.com/kappa-db/multifeed">multifeed</a>. Each client has an append-only log of CRDT local updates (hypercore). Multifeed manages and sync hypercores and y-dat listens to changes and applies them to the Yjs document.</dd>
+</dl>

 ## Getting Started

-Yjs does not hava any dependencies. Install this package with your favorite package manager, or just copy the files into your project.
+Install Yjs and a provider with your favorite package manager.

 ```sh
-npm i yjs
+npm i yjs@13.0.0-82 y-websocket@1.0.0-3 y-textarea
 ```

-##### Quickstart
-
-Yjs itself only knows how to do conflict resolution. You need to choose a provider, that handles how document updates are distributed over the network.
-
-We will start by running a websocket server (part of the [websocket provider](#Websocket-Provider)):
+**Start the y-websocket server**

 ```sh
-PORT=1234 node ./node_modules/yjs/provider/websocket/server.js
+PORT=1234 node ./node_modules/y-websocket/bin/server.js
 ```

-The following client-side code connects to the websocket server and opens a shared document.
+**Example: Textarea Binding**
+
+This is a complete example on how to create a connection to a [y-websocket](https://github.com/y-js/y-websocket) server instance, sync the shared document to all clients in a *room*, and bind a Y.Text type to a dom textarea. All changes to the textarea are automatically shared with everyone in the same room.

 ```js
 import * as Y from 'yjs'
-import { WebsocketProvider } from 'yjs/provider/websocket.js'
+import { WebsocketProvider } from 'y-websocket'
+import { TextareaBinding } from 'y-textarea'

-const provider = new WebsocketProvider('http://localhost:1234')
-const sharedDocument = provider.get('my-favourites')
+const doc = Y.Doc()
+const provider = new WebsocketProvider('http://localhost:1234', 'roomname')
+// sync all document updates through the websocket connection
+provider.sync('doc')
+
+// Define a shared type on the document.
+const ytext = doc.getText('my resume')
+
+// use data bindings to bind types to editors
+const binding = new TextareaBinding(ytext, document.querySelector('textarea'))
 ```

-All content created in a shared document is shared among all peers that request the same document. Now we define types on the shared document:
+**Example: Observe types**

 ```js
-sharedDocument.define('movie-ratings', Y.Map)
-sharedDocument.define('favourite-food', Y.Array)
+const yarray = doc.getArray('my-array')
+yarray.observe(event => {
+  console.log('yarray was modified')
+})
+// every time a local or remote client modifies yarray, the observer is called
+yarray.insert(0, ['val']) // => "yarray was modified"
 ```

-All clients that define `'movie-ratings'` as `Y.Map` on the shared document named `'my-favourites'` have access to the same shared type. Example:
+**Example: Nest types**

-**Client 1:**
+Remember, shared types are just plain old data types. The only limitation is that a shared type must exist only once in the shared document.

 ```js
-sharedDocument.define('movie-ratings', Y.Map)
-sharedDocument.define('favourite-food', Y.Array)
-
-const movies = sharedDocument.get('movie-ratings')
-const food = sharedDocument.get('fovourite-food')
-
-movies.set('deadpool', 10)
-food.insert(0, ['burger'])
+const ymap = doc.getMap('map')
+const foodArray = new Y.Array()
+foodArray.insert(0, ['apple', 'banana'])
+ymap.set('food', foodArray)
+ymap.get('food') === foodArray // => true
+ymap.set('fruit', foodArray) // => Error! foodArray is already defined on the shared document
 ```

-**Client 2:**
-
-```js
-sharedDocument.define('movie-ratings', Y.Map)
-sharedDocument.define('favourite-food', Y.Map) // <- note that this definition differs from client1
-
-const movies = sharedDocument.get('movie-ratings')
-const food = sharedDocument.get('fovourite-food')
-
-movies.set('yt rewind', -10)
-food.set('pancake', 10)
-
-// after some time, when client1 and client2 synced, the movie list will be merged:
-movies.toJSON() // => { 'deadpool': 10, 'yt rewind': -10 }
-
-// But since client1 and client2 defined the types differently,
-// they do not have access to each others food list.
-food.toJSON() // => { pancake: 10 }
-```
-
-Now you understand how types are defined on a shared document. Next you can jump to one of the [tutorials on our website](https://yjs.website/tutorial-prosemirror.html) or continue reading about [Providers](#Providers), [Shared Types](#Shared-Types), and [Bindings](#Bindings).
+Now you understand how types are defined on a shared document. Next you can jump to the [demo repository](https://github.com/y-js/yjs-demos) or continue reading the API docs.

 ## API

-## Providers
-
-In Yjs, a provider handles the communication channel to *authenticate*, *authorize*, and *exchange document updates*. Yjs ships with some existing providers. 
-
-### Websocket Provider
-
-The websocket provider implements a classical client server model. Clients connect to a single endpoint over websocket. The server distributes awareness information and document updates among clients.
-
-The Websocket Provider is a solid choice if you want a central source that handles authentication and authorization. Websockets also send header information and cookies, so you can use existing authentication mechanisms with this server. I recommend that you slightly adapt the server in `./provider/websocket/server.js` to your needs.
-
-* Supports cross-tab communication. When you open the same document in the same browser, changes on the document are exchanged via cross-tab communication ([Broadcast Channel](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Broadcast_Channel_API) and [localStorage](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/localStorage) as fallback).
-* Supports exange of awareness information (e.g. cursors)
-
-##### Start a Websocket Server:
-
-```sh
-PORT=1234 node ./node_modules/yjs/provider/websocket/server.js
-```
-
-**Websocket Server with Persistence**
-
-Persist document updates in a LevelDB database.
-
-See [LevelDB Persistence](#LevelDB Persistence) for more info.
-
-```sh
-PORT=1234 YPERSISTENCE=./dbDir node ./node_modules/yjs/provider/websocket/server.js
-```
-
-##### Client Code:
-
 ```js
 import * as Y from 'yjs'
-import { WebsocketProvider } from 'yjs/provider/websocket.js'
-
-const provider = new WebsocketProvider('http://localhost:1234')
-
-// open a websocket connection to http://localhost:1234/my-document-name
-const sharedDocument = provider.get('my-document-name')
-
-sharedDocument.on('status', event => {
-  console.log(event.status) // logs "connected" or "disconnected"
-})
 ```

-#### Scaling
+### Shared Types

-These are mere suggestions how you could scale your server environment.
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Y.Array</b></summary>
+  <br>
+  <p>
+    A shareable Array-like type that supports efficient insert/delete of elements at any position. Internally it uses a linked list of Arrays that is split when necessary.
+  </p>
+  <pre>const yarray = new Y.Array()</pre>
+  <dl>
+    <b><code>insert(index:number, content:Array&lt;object|string|number|Uint8Array|Y.Type&gt;)</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Insert content at <var>index</var>. Note that content is an array of elements. I.e. <code>array.insert(0, [1]</code> splices the list and inserts 1 at position 0.
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>push(Array&lt;Object|Array|string|number|Uint8Array|Y.Type&gt;)</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>delete(index:number, length:number)</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>get(index:number)</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>length:number</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>map(function(T, number, YArray):M):Array&lt;M&gt;</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>toArray():Array&lt;Object|Array|string|number|Uint8Array|Y.Type&gt;</code></b>
+    <dd>Copies the content of this YArray to a new Array.</dd>
+    <b><code>toJSON():Array&lt;Object|Array|string|number&gt;</code></b>
+    <dd>Copies the content of this YArray to a new Array. It transforms all child types to JSON using their <code>toJSON</code> method.</dd>
+    <b><code>[Symbol.Iterator]</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Returns an YArray Iterator that contains the values for each index in the array.
+      <pre>for (let value of yarray) { .. }</pre>
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>observe(function(YArrayEvent, Transaction):void)</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Adds an event listener to this type that will be called synchronously every time this type is modified. In the case this type is modified in the event listener, the event listener will be called again after the current event listener returns.
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>unobserve(function(YArrayEvent, Transaction):void)</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Removes an <code>observe</code> event listener from this type.
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>observeDeep(function(Array&lt;YEvent&gt;, Transaction):void)</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Adds an event listener to this type that will be called synchronously every time this type or any of its children is modified. In the case this type is modified in the event listener, the event listener will be called again after the current event listener returns. The event listener receives all Events created by itself or any of its children.
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>unobserveDeep(function(Array&lt;YEvent&gt;, Transaction):void)</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Removes an <code>observeDeep</code> event listener from this type.
+    </dd>
+  </dl>
+</details>
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Y.Map</b></summary>
+  <br>
+  <p>
+    A shareable Map type.
+  </p>
+  <pre><code>const ymap = new Y.Map()</code></pre>
+  <dl>
+    <b><code>get(key:string):object|string|number|Uint8Array|Y.Type</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>set(key:string, value:object|string|number|Uint8Array|Y.Type)</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>delete(key:string)</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>has(key:string):boolean</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>get(index:number)</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>toJSON():Object&lt;string, Object|Array|string|number&gt;</code></b>
+    <dd>Copies the <code>[key,value]</code> pairs of this YMap to a new Object. It transforms all child types to JSON using their <code>toJSON</code> method.</dd>
+    <b><code>[Symbol.Iterator]</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Returns an Iterator of <code>[key, value]</code> pairs.
+      <pre>for (let [key, value] of ymap) { .. }</pre>
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>entries()</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Returns an Iterator of <code>[key, value]</code> pairs.
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>values()</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Returns an Iterator of all values.
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>keys()</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Returns an Iterator of all keys.
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>observe(function(YMapEvent, Transaction):void)</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Adds an event listener to this type that will be called synchronously every time this type is modified. In the case this type is modified in the event listener, the event listener will be called again after the current event listener returns.
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>unobserve(function(YMapEvent, Transaction):void)</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Removes an <code>observe</code> event listener from this type.
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>observeDeep(function(Array&lt;YEvent&gt;, Transaction):void)</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Adds an event listener to this type that will be called synchronously every time this type or any of its children is modified. In the case this type is modified in the event listener, the event listener will be called again after the current event listener returns. The event listener receives all Events created by itself or any of its children.
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>unobserveDeep(function(Array&lt;YEvent&gt;, Transaction):void)</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Removes an <code>observeDeep</code> event listener from this type.
+    </dd>
+  </dl>
+</details>

-**Option 1:** Websocket servers communicate with each other via a PubSub server. A room is represented by a PubSub channel. The downside of this approach is that the same shared document may be handled by many servers. But the upside is that this approach is fault tolerant, does not have a single point of failure, and is perfectly fit for route balancing.
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Y.Text</b></summary>
+  <br>
+  <p>
+    A shareable type that is optimized for shared editing on text. It allows to assign properties to ranges in the text. This makes it possible to implement rich-text bindings to this type.
+  </p>
+  <p>
+    This type can also be transformed to the <a href="https://quilljs.com/docs/delta">delta format</a>. Similarly the YTextEvents compute changes as deltas.
+  </p>
+  <pre>const ytext = new Y.Text()</pre>
+  <dl>
+    <b><code>insert(index:number, content:string, [formattingAttributes:Object&lt;string,string&gt;])</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Insert a string at <var>index</var> and assign formatting attributes to it.
+      <pre>ytext.insert(0, 'bold text', { bold: true })</pre>
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>delete(index:number, length:number)</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>format(index:number, length:number, formattingAttributes:Object&lt;string,string&gt;)</code></b>
+    <dd>Assign formatting attributes to a range in the text</dd>
+    <b><code>applyDelta(delta)</code></b>
+    <dd>See <a href="https://quilljs.com/docs/delta/">Quill Delta</a></dd>
+    <b><code>length:number</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>toString():string</code></b>
+    <dd>Transforms this type, without formatting options, into a string.</dd>
+    <b><code>toJSON():string</code></b>
+    <dd>See <code>toString</code></dd>
+    <b><code>toDelta():Delta</code></b>
+    <dd>Transforms this type to a <a href="https://quilljs.com/docs/delta/">Quill Delta</a></dd>
+    <b><code>observe(function(YTextEvent, Transaction):void)</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Adds an event listener to this type that will be called synchronously every time this type is modified. In the case this type is modified in the event listener, the event listener will be called again after the current event listener returns.
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>unobserve(function(YTextEvent, Transaction):void)</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Removes an <code>observe</code> event listener from this type.
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>observeDeep(function(Array&lt;YEvent&gt;, Transaction):void)</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Adds an event listener to this type that will be called synchronously every time this type or any of its children is modified. In the case this type is modified in the event listener, the event listener will be called again after the current event listener returns. The event listener receives all Events created by itself or any of its children.
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>unobserveDeep(function(Array&lt;YEvent&gt;, Transaction):void)</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Removes an <code>observeDeep</code> event listener from this type.
+    </dd>
+  </dl>
+</details>

-**Option 2:** Sharding with *consistent hashing*. Each document is handled by a unique server. This patterns requires an entity, like etcd, that performs regular health checks and manages servers. Based on the list of available servers (which is managed by etcd) a proxy calculates which server is responsible for each requested document. The disadvantage of this approach is that it is that load distribution may not be fair. Still, this approach may be the preferred solution if you want to store the shared document in a database - e.g. for indexing.
+<details>
+  <summary><b>YXmlFragment</b></summary>
+  <br>
+  <p>
+    A container that holds an Array of Y.XmlElements.
+  </p>
+  <pre><code>const yxml = new Y.XmlFragment()</code></pre>
+  <dl>
+    <b><code>insert(index:number, content:Array&lt;Y.XmlElement|Y.XmlText&gt;)</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>delete(index:number, length:number)</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>get(index:number)</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>length:number</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>toArray():Array&lt;Y.XmlElement|Y.XmlText&gt;</code></b>
+    <dd>Copies the children to a new Array.</dd>
+    <b><code>toDOM():DocumentFragment</code></b>
+    <dd>Transforms this type and all children to new DOM elements.</dd>
+    <b><code>toString():string</code></b>
+    <dd>Get the XML serialization of all descendants.</dd>
+    <b><code>toJSON():string</code></b>
+    <dd>See <code>toString</code>.</dd>
+    <b><code>observe(function(YXmlEvent, Transaction):void)</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Adds an event listener to this type that will be called synchronously every time this type is modified. In the case this type is modified in the event listener, the event listener will be called again after the current event listener returns.
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>unobserve(function(YXmlEvent, Transaction):void)</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Removes an <code>observe</code> event listener from this type.
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>observeDeep(function(Array&lt;YEvent&gt;, Transaction):void)</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Adds an event listener to this type that will be called synchronously every time this type or any of its children is modified. In the case this type is modified in the event listener, the event listener will be called again after the current event listener returns. The event listener receives all Events created by itself or any of its children.
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>unobserveDeep(function(Array&lt;YEvent&gt;, Transaction):void)</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Removes an <code>observeDeep</code> event listener from this type.
+    </dd>
+  </dl>
+</details>

-### Ydb Provider
+<details>
+  <summary><b>Y.XmlElement</b></summary>
+  <br>
+  <p>
+    A shareable type that represents an XML Element. It has a <code>nodeName</code>, attributes, and a list of children. But it makes no effort to validate its content and be actually XML compliant.
+  </p>
+  <pre><code>const yxml = new Y.XmlElement()</code></pre>
+  <dl>
+    <b><code>insert(index:number, content:Array&lt;Y.XmlElement|Y.XmlText&gt;)</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>delete(index:number, length:number)</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>get(index:number)</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>length:number</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>setAttribute(attributeName:string, attributeValue:string)</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>removeAttribute(attributeName:string)</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>getAttribute(attributeName:string):string</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>getAttributes(attributeName:string):Object&lt;string,string&gt;</code></b>
+    <dd></dd>
+    <b><code>toArray():Array&lt;Y.XmlElement|Y.XmlText&gt;</code></b>
+    <dd>Copies the children to a new Array.</dd>
+    <b><code>toDOM():Element</code></b>
+    <dd>Transforms this type and all children to a new DOM element.</dd>
+    <b><code>toString():string</code></b>
+    <dd>Get the XML serialization of all descendants.</dd>
+    <b><code>toJSON():string</code></b>
+    <dd>See <code>toString</code>.</dd>
+    <b><code>observe(function(YXmlEvent, Transaction):void)</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Adds an event listener to this type that will be called synchronously every time this type is modified. In the case this type is modified in the event listener, the event listener will be called again after the current event listener returns.
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>unobserve(function(YXmlEvent, Transaction):void)</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Removes an <code>observe</code> event listener from this type.
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>observeDeep(function(Array&lt;YEvent&gt;, Transaction):void)</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Adds an event listener to this type that will be called synchronously every time this type or any of its children is modified. In the case this type is modified in the event listener, the event listener will be called again after the current event listener returns. The event listener receives all Events created by itself or any of its children.
+    </dd>
+    <b><code>unobserveDeep(function(Array&lt;YEvent&gt;, Transaction):void)</code></b>
+    <dd>
+      Removes an <code>observeDeep</code> event listener from this type.
+    </dd>
+  </dl>
+</details>

-TODO
-
-### Create Custom Provider
-
-A provider is only a concept. I encourage you to implement the same provider interface found above. This makes it easy to exchange communication protocols.
-
-Since providers handle the communication channel, they will necessarily interact with the [binary protocols](#Binary-Protocols). I suggest that you build upon the existing protocols. But you may also implement a custom communication protocol.
-
-Read section [Sync Protocol](#Sync-Protocol) to learn how syncing works.
-
-## Shared Types
-
-A shared type is just a normal data type like [Map](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Map) or [Array](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array). But a shared type may also be modified by a remote client. Conflicts are automatically resolved by the rules described in this section - but please note that this is only a rough overview of how conflict resolution works. Please read the [Yjs CRDT Algorithm](#Yjs-CRDT-Algorithm) section for an in-depth description of the conflict resolution approach.
-
-As explained in [Tutorial](#Tutorial), a shared type is shared among all peers when they are defined with the same name on the same shared document. I.e.
+### Y.Doc

 ```js
-sharedDocument.define('my-array', Y.Array)
-
-const myArray = sharedDocument.get('my-array')
+const doc = new Y.Doc()
 ```

-You may define a shared types several times, as long as you don't change the type definition.
+<dl>
+  <b><code>clientID</code></b>
+  <dd>A unique id that identifies this client. (readonly)</dd>
+  <b><code>transact(function(Transaction):void [, origin:any])</code></b>
+  <dd>Every change on the shared document happens in a transaction. Observer calls and the <code>update</code> event are called after each transaction. You should <i>bundle</i> changes into a single transaction to reduce the amount of event calls. I.e. <code>doc.transact(() => { yarray.insert(..); ymap.set(..) })</code> triggers a single change event. <br>You can specify an optional <code>origin</code> parameter that is stored on <code>transaction.origin</code> and <code>on('update', (update, origin) => ..)</code>.</dd>
+  <b><code>get(string, Y.[TypeClass]):[Type]</code></b>
+  <dd>Define a shared type.</dd>
+  <b><code>getArray(string):Y.Array</code></b>
+  <dd>Define a shared Y.Array type. Is equivalent to <code>y.get(string, Y.Array)</code>.</dd>
+  <b><code>getMap(string):Y.Map</code></b>
+  <dd>Define a shared Y.Map type. Is equivalent to <code>y.get(string, Y.Map)</code>.</dd>
+  <b><code>getXmlFragment(string):Y.XmlFragment</code></b>
+  <dd>Define a shared Y.XmlFragment type. Is equivalent to <code>y.get(string, Y.XmlFragment)</code>.</dd>
+  <b><code>on(string, function)</code></b>
+  <dd>Register an event listener on the shared type</dd>
+  <b><code>off(string, function)</code></b>
+  <dd>Unregister an event listener from the shared type</dd>
+</dl>

+
+#### Y.Doc Events
+<dl>
+  <b><code>on('update', function(updateMessage:Uint8Array, origin:any, Y.Doc):void)</code></b>
+  <dd>Listen to document updates. Document updates must be transmitted to all other peers. You can apply document updates in any order and multiple times.</dd>
+  <b><code>on('beforeTransaction', function(Y.Transaction, Y.Doc):void)</code></b>
+  <dd>Emitted before each transaction.</dd>
+  <b><code>on('afterTransaction', function(Y.Transaction, Y.Doc):void)</code></b>
+  <dd>Emitted after each transaction.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+### Document Updates
+
+Changes on the shared document are encoded into *document updates*. Document updates are *commutative* and *idempotent*. This means that they can be applied in any order and multiple times.
+
+**Example: Listen to update events and apply them on remote client**
 ```js
-sharedDocument.define('my-array', Y.Array)
+const doc1 = new Y.Doc()
+const doc2 = new Y.Doc()

-const myArray = sharedDocument.get('my-array')
-
-const alsoMyArray = sharedDocument.define('my-array', Y.Array)
-
-console.log(myArray === alsoMyArray) // => true
-```
-
-All shared types have an `type.observe(event => ..)` method that allows you to observe any changes. You may also observe all changes on a type and any of its children with the `type.observeDeep(events => ..)` method. Here, `events` is the [Set](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Set) of events that were fired on type, or any of its children.
-
-All Events inherit from [YEvent](https://yjs.website/module-utils.YEvent.html).
-
-### YMap
-> Complete API docs: [https://yjs.website/module-types.ymap](https://yjs.website/module-types.ymap)
-
-The YMap type is very similar to the JavaScript [Map](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Map). 
-
-YMap fires [YMapEvents](https://yjs.website/module-types.YMapEvent.html).
-
-```js
-import * as Y from 'yjs'
-
-const ymap = new Y.Map()
-
-ymap.observe(event => {
-  console.log('ymap keys changed:', event.keysChanged, event.remote)
+doc1.on('update', update => {
+  Y.applyUpdate(doc2, update)
 })

-ymap.set('key', 'value') // => ymap keys changed: Set{ 'key' } false
-ymap.delete('key') // => ymap keys changed: Set{ 'key' }
-
-const ymap2 = new YMap()
-ymap2.set(1, 'two')
-
-ymap.set('type', ymap2) // => ymap keys changed: Set{ 'type' }
-```
-
-##### Concurrent YMap changes
-
-* Concurrent edits on different keys do not affect each other. E.g. if client1 does `ymap.set('a', 1)` and client2 does `ymap.set('b', 2)`, both clients will end up with `YMap{ a: 1, b: 2 }`
-* If client1 and client2 `set` the same property at the same time, the edit from the client with the smaller userID will prevail (`sharedDocument.userID`)
-* If client1 sets a property `ymap.set('a', 1)` and client2 deletes a property `ymap.delete('a')`, the set operation always prevails.
-
-### YArray
-> Complete API docs: [https://yjs.website/module-types.yarray](https://yjs.website/module-types.yarray)
-
-YArray fires [YArrayEvents](https://yjs.website/module-types.YMapEvent.html).
-
-
-```js
-import * as Y from 'yjs'
-
-const yarray = new Y.Array()
-
-yarray.observe(event => {
-  console.log('yarray changed:', event.addedElements, event.removedElements, event.remote)
+doc2.on('update', update => {
+  Y.applyUpdate(doc1, update)
 })

-// insert two elements at position 0
-yarray.insert(0, ['a', 1]) // => yarray changed: Set{Item{'a'}, Item{1}}, Set{}, false 
-console.log(yarray.toArray()) // => ['a', 1]
-yarray.delete(1, 1) // yarray changed: Set{}, Set{Item{1}}, false
-
-yarray.insert(1, new Y.Map()) // => yarray changed: Set{YMap{}}, Set{}, false
-
-// The difference between .toArray and .toJSON:
-console.log(yarray.toArray()) // => ['a', YMap{}]
-console.log(yarray.toJSON()) // => ['a', {}]
+// All changes are also applied to the other document
+doc1.getArray('myarray').insert(0, ['Hello doc2, you got this?'])
+doc2.getArray('myarray').get(0) // => 'Hello doc2, you got this?'
 ```

-As you can see from the above example, primitive data is wrapped into an Item. This makes it possible to find the exact location of the change.
+Yjs internally maintains a [state vector](#State-Vector) that denotes the next expected clock from each client. In a different interpretation it holds the number of structs created by each client. When two clients sync, you can either exchange the complete document structure or only the differences by sending the state vector to compute the differences.

-##### Concurrent YArray changes
+**Example: Sync two clients by exchanging the complete document structure**

-* YArray internally represents the data as a doubly linked list. The Array `['a', YMap{}, 1]` is internally represented as `Item{'a'} <-> YMap{} <-> Item{1}`. Accordingly, the insert operation `yarray.insert(1, ['b'])` is internally transformed to `insert Item{'b'} between Item{'a'} and YMap{}`.
-* When an Item is deleted, it is only marked as deleted. Only its content is garbage collected and freed from memory.
-* Therefore, the remote operation `insert x between a and b` can still be fulfilled when item `a` or item `b` are deleted.
-* In case that two clients insert content between the same items (a concurrent insertion), the order of the insertions is decided based on the `sharedDocument.userID`.
+```js
+const state1 = Y.encodeStateAsUpdate(ydoc1)
+const state2 = Y.encodeStateAsUpdate(ydoc2)
+Y.applyUpdate(ydoc1, state2)
+Y.applyUpdate(ydoc2, state1)
+```

-### YText
-> Complete API docs: [https://yjs.website/module-types.ytext](https://yjs.website/module-types.ytext)
+**Example: Sync two clients by computing the differences**

-A YText is basically a [YArray](#YArray) that is optimized for text content. 
+This example shows how to sync two clients with the minimal amount of exchanged data by computing only the differences using the state vector of the remote client. Syncing clients using the state vector requires another roundtrip, but can safe a lot of bandwidth.

-### YXmlFragment and YXmlElement
-> Complete API docs: [https://yjs.website/module-types.yxmlfragment](https://yjs.website/module-types.yxmlfragment) and [https://yjs.website/module-types.yxmlelement](https://yjs.website/module-types.yxmlelement)
+```js
+const stateVector1 = Y.encodeStateVector(ydoc1)
+const stateVector2 = Y.encodeStateVector(ydoc2)
+const diff1 = Y.encodeStateAsUpdate(ydoc1, stateVector2)
+const diff2 = Y.encodeStateAsUpdate(ydoc2, stateVector1)
+Y.applyUpdate(ydoc1, diff2)
+Y.applyUpdate(ydoc2, diff1)
+```

-### Custom Types
+<dl>
+  <b><code>Y.applyUpdate(Y.Doc, update:Uint8Array, [transactionOrigin:any])</code></b>
+  <dd>Apply a document update on the shared document. Optionally you can specify <code>transactionOrigin</code> that will be stored on <code>transaction.origin</code> and <code>ydoc.on('update', (update, origin) => ..)</code>.</dd>
+  <b><code>Y.encodeStateAsUpdate(Y.Doc, [encodedTargetStateVector:Uint8Array]):Uint8Array</code></b>
+  <dd>Encode the document state as a single update message that can be applied on the remote document. Optionally specify the target state vector to only write the differences to the update message.</dd>
+  <b><code>Y.encodeStateVector(Y.Doc):Uint8Array</code></b>
+  <dd>Computes the state vector and encodes it into an Uint8Array.</dd>
+</dl>

-## Bindings
+### Relative Positions
+> This API is not stable yet

-## Transaction
+This feature is intended for managing selections / cursors. When working with other users that manipulate the shared document, you can't trust that an index position (an integer) will stay at the intended location. A *relative position* is fixated to an element in the shared document and is not affected by remote changes. I.e. given the document `"a|c"`, the relative position is attached to `c`. When a remote user modifies the document by inserting a character before the cursor, the cursor will stay attached to the character `c`. `insert(1, 'x')("a|c") = "ax|c"`. When the *relative position* is set to the end of the document, it will stay attached to the end of the document.

+**Example: Transform to RelativePosition and back**
+```js
+const relPos = Y.createRelativePositionFromTypeIndex(ytext, 2)
+const pos = Y.createAbsolutePositionFromRelativePosition(relPos, doc)
+pos.type === ytext // => true
+pos.index === 2 // => true
+```

+**Example: Send relative position to remote client (json)**
+```js
+const relPos = Y.createRelativePositionFromTypeIndex(ytext, 2)
+const encodedRelPos = JSON.stringify(relPos)
+// send encodedRelPos to remote client..
+const parsedRelPos = JSON.parse(encodedRelPos)
+const pos = Y.createAbsolutePositionFromRelativePosition(parsedRelPos, remoteDoc)
+pos.type === remoteytext // => true
+pos.index === 2 // => true
+```

-## Binary Protocols
+**Example: Send relative position to remote client (Uint8Array)**
+```js
+const relPos = Y.createRelativePositionFromTypeIndex(ytext, 2)
+const encodedRelPos = Y.encodeRelativePosition(relPos)
+// send encodedRelPos to remote client..
+const parsedRelPos = Y.decodeRelativePosition(encodedRelPos)
+const pos = Y.createAbsolutePositionFromRelativePosition(parsedRelPos, remoteDoc)
+pos.type === remoteytext // => true
+pos.index === 2 // => true
+```

-### Sync Protocol
+<dl>
+  <b><code>Y.createRelativePositionFromTypeIndex(Uint8Array|Y.Type, number)</code></b>
+  <dd></dd>
+  <b><code>Y.createAbsolutePositionFromRelativePosition(RelativePosition, Y.Doc)</code></b>
+  <dd></dd>
+  <b><code>Y.encodeRelativePosition(RelativePosition):Uint8Array</code></b>
+  <dd></dd>
+  <b><code>Y.decodeRelativePosition(Uint8Array):RelativePosition</code></b>
+  <dd></dd>
+</dl>

-Sync steps
-
-### Awareness Protocol
-
-### Auth Protocol
-
-## Offline Editing
-
-It is trivial with Yjs to persist the local state to indexeddb, so it is always available when working offline. But there are two non-trivial questions that need to answered when implementing a professional offline editing app:
-
-1. How does a client sync down all rooms that were modified while offline?
-2. How does a client sync up all rooms that were modified while offline?
-
-Assuming 5000 documents are stored on each client for offline usage. How do we sync up/down each of those documents after a client comes online? It would be inefficient to sync each of those rooms separately. The only provider that currently supports syncing many rooms efficiently is Ydb, because its database layer is optimized to sync many rooms with each client.
-
-If you do not care about 1. and 2. you can use `/persistences/indexeddb.js` to mirror the local state to indexeddb.
-
-## Working with Yjs
+## Miscellaneous

 ### Typescript Declarations

-Until [this](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/7546) is fixed, the only way to get type declarations is by adding Yjs to the list of checked files:
+Yjs has type descriptions. But until [this ticket](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/7546) is fixed, this is how you can make use of Yjs type declarations.

 ```json
 {
  "compilerOptions": {
    "allowJs": true,
    "checkJs": true,
-    ..
  },
  "maxNodeModuleJsDepth": 5
 }
 ```

-## CRDT Algorithm
+## Yjs CRDT Algorithm
+
+*Conflict-free replicated data types* (CRDT) for collaborative editing are an alternative approach to *operational transformation* (OT). A very simple differenciation between the two approaches is that OT attempts to transform index positions to ensure convergence (all clients end up with the same content), while CRDTs use mathematical models that usually do not involve index transformations, like linked lists. OT is currently the de-facto standard for shared editing on text. OT approaches that support shared editing without a central source of truth (a central server) require too much bookkeeping to be viable in practice. CRDTs are better suited for distributed systems, provide additional guarantees that the document can be synced with remote clients, and do not require a central source of truth.
+
+Yjs implements a modified version of the algorithm described in [this paper](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310212186_Near_Real-Time_Peer-to-Peer_Shared_Editing_on_Extensible_Data_Types). I will eventually publish a paper that describes why this approach works so well in practice. Note: Since operations make up the document structure, we prefer the term *struct* now.
+
+CRDTs suitable for shared text editing suffer from the fact that they only grow in size. There are CRDTs that do not grow in size, but they do not have the characteristics that are benificial for shared text editing (like intention preservation). Yjs implements many improvements to the original algorithm that diminish the trade-off that the document only grows in size. We can't garbage collect deleted structs (tombstones) while ensuring a unique order of the structs. But we can 1. merge preceeding structs into a single struct to reduce the amount of meta information, 2. we can delete content from the struct if it is deleted, and 3. we can garbage collect tombstones if we don't care about the order of the structs anymore (e.g. if the parent was deleted).
+
+**Examples:**
+1. If a user inserts elements in sequence, the struct will be merged into a single struct. E.g. `array.insert(0, ['a']), array.insert(0, ['b']);` is first represented as two structs (`[{id: {client, clock: 0}, content: 'a'}, {id: {client, clock: 1}, content: 'b'}`) and then merged into a single struct: `[{id: {client, clock: 0}, content: 'ab'}]`.
+2. When a struct that contains content (e.g. `ItemString`) is deleted, the struct will be replaced with an `ItemDeleted` that does not contain content anymore.
+3. When a type is deleted, all child elements are transformed to `GC` structs. A `GC` struct only denotes the existence of a struct and that it is deleted. `GC` structs can always be merged with other `GC` structs if the id's are adjacent.
+
+Especially when working on structured content (e.g. shared editing on ProseMirror), these improvements yield very good results when [benchmarking](https://github.com/dmonad/crdt-benchmarks) random document edits. In practice they show even better results, because users usually edit text in sequence, resulting in structs that can easily be merged. The benchmarks show that even in the worst case scenario that a user edits text from right to left, Yjs achieves good performance even for huge documents.
+
+#### State Vector
+Yjs has the ability to exchange only the differences when syncing two clients. We use lamport timestamps to identify structs and to track in which order a client created them. Each struct has an `struct.id = { client: number, clock: number}` that uniquely identifies a struct. We define the next expected `clock` by each client as the *state vector*. This data structure is similar to the [version vectors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_vector) data structure. But we use state vectors only to describe the state of the local document, so we can compute the missing struct of the remote client. We do not use it to track causality.

 ## License and Author

-Yjs and all related projects are [**MIT licensed**](./LICENSE). Some files also contain an additional copyright notice that allows you to copy and modify the code without shipping the copyright notice (e.g. `./provider/websocket/WebsocketProvider.js` and `./provider/websocket/server.js`)
+Yjs and all related projects are [**MIT licensed**](./LICENSE).

-Yjs is based on the research I did as a student at the RWTH i5. I am working on Yjs in my spare time. Please help me by donating or hiring me for consulting, so I can continue to work on this project.
+Yjs is based on my research as a student at the [RWTH i5](http://dbis.rwth-aachen.de/). Now I am working on Yjs in my spare time.

-kevin.jahns@protonmail.com
+Fund this project by donating on [Patreon](https://www.patreon.com/dmonad) or hiring [me](https://github.com/dmonad) for professional support.
--- a/examples/prosemirror-history.js
+++ b/examples/prosemirror-history.js
@@ -154,6 +154,6 @@ class NoteHistoryPlugin {
    const encoder = encoding.createEncoder()
    historyProtocol.writeHistorySnapshot(encoder, y, updatedUserMap)
    encoding.writeUint32(encoder, Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000))
-    history.push([encoding.toBuffer(encoder)])
+    history.push([encoding.toUint8Array(encoder)])
  }
 }
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "yjs",
-  "version": "13.0.0-80",
+  "version": "13.0.0-84",
  "lockfileVersion": 1,
  "requires": true,
  "dependencies": {
@@ -61,6 +61,12 @@
        }
      }
    },
+    "@babel/parser": {
+      "version": "7.4.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/parser/-/parser-7.4.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5pCS4mOsL+ANsFZGdvNLybx4wtqAZJ0MJjMHxvzI3bvIsz6sQvzW8XX92EYIkiPtIvcfG3Aj+Ir5VNyjnZhP7w==",
+      "dev": true
+    },
    "@types/estree": {
      "version": "0.0.39",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/estree/-/estree-0.0.39.tgz",
@@ -68,11 +74,20 @@
      "dev": true
    },
    "@types/node": {
-      "version": "6.0.110",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/node/-/node-6.0.110.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-LiaH3mF+OAqR+9Wo1OTJDbZDtCewAVjTbMhF1ZgUJ3fc8xqOJq6VqbpBh9dJVCVzByGmYIg2fREbuXNX0TKiJA==",
+      "version": "11.13.10",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/node/-/node-11.13.10.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-leUNzbFTMX94TWaIKz8N15Chu55F9QSH+INKayQr5xpkasBQBRF3qQXfo3/dOnMU/dEIit+Y/SU8HyOjq++GwA==",
      "dev": true
    },
+    "@types/resolve": {
+      "version": "0.0.8",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/resolve/-/resolve-0.0.8.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-auApPaJf3NPfe18hSoJkp8EbZzer2ISk7o8mCC3M9he/a04+gbMF97NkpD2S8riMGvm4BMRI59/SZQSaLTKpsQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "requires": {
+        "@types/node": "*"
+      }
+    },
    "accepts": {
      "version": "1.3.5",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/accepts/-/accepts-1.3.5.tgz",
@@ -83,6 +98,12 @@
        "negotiator": "0.6.1"
      }
    },
+    "acorn": {
+      "version": "6.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/acorn/-/acorn-6.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-jPTiwtOxaHNaAPg/dmrJ/beuzLRnXtB0kQPQ8JpotKJgTB6rX6c8mlf315941pyjBSaPg8NHXS9fhP4u17DpGA==",
+      "dev": true
+    },
    "acorn-jsx": {
      "version": "3.0.1",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/acorn-jsx/-/acorn-jsx-3.0.1.tgz",
@@ -380,9 +401,9 @@
      "dev": true
    },
    "bluebird": {
-      "version": "3.5.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/bluebird/-/bluebird-3.5.3.tgz",
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-        "isobject": {
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-          "integrity": "sha1-TkMekrEalzFjaqH5yNHMvP2reN8=",
-          "dev": true
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-        "kind-of": {
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-          "integrity": "sha512-s5kLOcnH0XqDO+FvuaLX8DDjZ18CGFk7VygH40QoKPUQhW4e2rvM0rwUq0t8IQDOwYSeLK01U90OjzBTme2QqA==",
-          "dev": true
-        },
-        "micromatch": {
-          "version": "3.1.10",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/micromatch/-/micromatch-3.1.10.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-MWikgl9n9M3w+bpsY3He8L+w9eF9338xRl8IAO5viDizwSzziFEyUzo2xrrloB64ADbTf8uA8vRqqttDTOmccg==",
-          "dev": true,
-          "requires": {
-            "arr-diff": "^4.0.0",
-            "array-unique": "^0.3.2",
-            "braces": "^2.3.1",
-            "define-property": "^2.0.2",
-            "extend-shallow": "^3.0.2",
-            "extglob": "^2.0.4",
-            "fragment-cache": "^0.2.1",
-            "kind-of": "^6.0.2",
-            "nanomatch": "^1.2.9",
-            "object.pick": "^1.3.0",
-            "regex-not": "^1.0.0",
-            "snapdragon": "^0.8.1",
-            "to-regex": "^3.0.2"
-          }
-        }
      }
    },
    "rope-sequence": {
@@ -5194,6 +4948,12 @@
        }
      }
    },
+    "taffydb": {
+      "version": "2.6.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/taffydb/-/taffydb-2.6.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha1-fLy2S1oUG2ou/CxdLGe04VCyomg=",
+      "dev": true
+    },
    "terser": {
      "version": "3.16.1",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/terser/-/terser-3.16.1.tgz",
@@ -5329,9 +5089,9 @@
      "dev": true
    },
    "typescript": {
-      "version": "3.3.3333",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript/-/typescript-3.3.3333.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-JjSKsAfuHBE/fB2oZ8NxtRTk5iGcg6hkYXMnZ3Wc+b2RSqejEqTaem11mHASMnFilHrax3sLK0GDzcJrekZYLw==",
+      "version": "3.4.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript/-/typescript-3.4.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-YycBxUb49UUhdNMU5aJ7z5Ej2XGmaIBL0x34vZ82fn3hGvD+bgrMrVDpatgz2f7YxUMJxMkbWxJZeAvDxVe7Vw==",
      "dev": true
    },
    "ua-parser-js": {
@@ -5340,28 +5100,17 @@
      "integrity": "sha512-LtzwHlVHwFGTptfNSgezHp7WUlwiqb0gA9AALRbKaERfxwJoiX0A73QbTToxteIAuIaFshhgIZfqK8s7clqgnA==",
      "dev": true
    },
-    "underscore": {
-      "version": "1.8.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/underscore/-/underscore-1.8.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-Tz+1OxBuYJf8+ctBCfKl6b36UCI=",
+    "uc.micro": {
+      "version": "1.0.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/uc.micro/-/uc.micro-1.0.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-8Y75pvTYkLJW2hWQHXxoqRgV7qb9B+9vFEtidML+7koHUFapnVJAZ6cKs+Qjz5Aw3aZWHMC6u0wJE3At+nSGwA==",
      "dev": true
    },
-    "underscore-contrib": {
-      "version": "0.3.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/underscore-contrib/-/underscore-contrib-0.3.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-ZltmwkeD+PorGMn4y7Dix9SMJsc=",
-      "dev": true,
-      "requires": {
-        "underscore": "1.6.0"
-      },
-      "dependencies": {
-        "underscore": {
-          "version": "1.6.0",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/underscore/-/underscore-1.6.0.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha1-izixDKze9jM3uLJOT/htRa6lKag=",
-          "dev": true
-        }
-      }
+    "underscore": {
+      "version": "1.9.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/underscore/-/underscore-1.9.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5/4etnCkd9c8gwgowi5/om/mYO5ajCaOgdzj/oW+0eQV9WxKBDZw5+ycmKmeaTXjInS/W0BzpGLo2xR2aBwZdg==",
+      "dev": true
    },
    "union-value": {
      "version": "1.0.0",
@@ -5567,9 +5316,9 @@
      }
    },
    "xmlcreate": {
-      "version": "1.0.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/xmlcreate/-/xmlcreate-1.0.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-+mv3YqYKQT+z3Y9LA8WyaSONMI8=",
+      "version": "2.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/xmlcreate/-/xmlcreate-2.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-MjGsXhKG8YjTKrDCXseFo3ClbMGvUD4en29H2Cev1dv4P/chlpw6KdYmlCWDkhosBVKRDjM836+3e3pm1cBNJA==",
      "dev": true
    },
    "xtend": {
@@ -5579,10 +5328,13 @@
      "dev": true
    },
    "y-protocols": {
-      "version": "0.0.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/y-protocols/-/y-protocols-0.0.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-ixAaywK7USrMX7h6H2PZ59rtNVZcfJCNO0+/gDhAV1Sizwxdt0T6wPm9RCxDJtY3pXNeWA8MgtBysMGkgGA5xA==",
-      "dev": true
+      "version": "0.0.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/y-protocols/-/y-protocols-0.0.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-a7F8t16y6rVPYGvwsbfeN5EauHFBo+SIsYadvaONdp6jCyhcKokDK8u30BQOJCOxwd1FkuAhMs14m6CtJbfRqg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "requires": {
+        "lib0": "0.0.4"
+      }
    },
    "yallist": {
      "version": "2.1.2",
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 {
  "name": "yjs",
-  "version": "13.0.0-80",
-  "description": "A ",
+  "version": "13.0.0-84",
+  "description": "Shared Editing Library",
  "main": "./dist/yjs.js",
-  "module": "./src/index.js",
+  "module": "./dist/yjs.mjs",
  "sideEffects": false,
  "scripts": {
    "test": "npm run dist && PRODUCTION=1 node ./dist/tests.js --repitition-time 50 --production",
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
    "lint": "standard && tsc",
    "docs": "rm -rf docs; jsdoc --configure ./.jsdoc.json --verbose --readme ./README.v13.md --package ./package.json || true",
    "serve-docs": "npm run docs && serve ./docs/",
-    "preversion": "PRODUCTION=1 npm run dist && node ./dist/tests.js --repitition-time 1000",
+    "preversion": "PRODUCTION=1 npm run dist && npm run docs && node ./dist/tests.js --repitition-time 1000",
    "postversion": "git push && git push --tags",
    "debug": "concurrently 'live-server --port=3443 --entry-file=test.html' 'npm run watch'",
    "trace-deopt": "clear && rollup -c  && node --trace-deopt dist/test.js",
@@ -22,10 +22,9 @@
  },
  "files": [
    "dist/*",
-    "examples/*",
-    "docs/*",
-    "README.md",
-    "LICENSE"
+    "src/*",
+    "tests/*",
+    "docs/*"
  ],
  "dictionaries": {
    "doc": "docs",
@@ -55,27 +54,27 @@
  },
  "homepage": "http://y-js.org",
  "dependencies": {
-    "lib0": "0.0.2"
+    "lib0": "0.0.5"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "y-protocols": "0.0.2",
-    "codemirror": "^5.42.0",
+    "codemirror": "^5.46.0",
    "concurrently": "^3.6.1",
-    "jsdoc": "^3.5.5",
+    "jsdoc": "^3.6.2",
    "live-server": "^1.2.1",
    "prosemirror-example-setup": "^1.0.1",
-    "prosemirror-schema-basic": "^1.0.0",
-    "prosemirror-state": "^1.2.2",
-    "prosemirror-view": "^1.6.5",
+    "prosemirror-schema-basic": "^1.0.1",
+    "prosemirror-state": "^1.2.3",
+    "prosemirror-view": "^1.9.5",
    "quill": "^1.3.6",
    "quill-cursors": "^1.0.3",
-    "rollup": "^1.1.2",
+    "rollup": "^1.11.3",
    "rollup-cli": "^1.0.9",
-    "rollup-plugin-commonjs": "^9.2.0",
-    "rollup-plugin-node-resolve": "^4.0.0",
+    "rollup-plugin-commonjs": "^9.3.4",
+    "rollup-plugin-node-resolve": "^4.2.4",
    "rollup-plugin-terser": "^4.0.4",
    "standard": "^11.0.1",
    "tui-jsdoc-template": "^1.2.2",
-    "typescript": "^3.3.3333"
+    "typescript": "^3.4.5",
+    "y-protocols": "0.0.4"
  }
 }
--- a/rollup.config.js
+++ b/rollup.config.js
@@ -80,13 +80,12 @@ export default [{
    debugResolve,
    nodeResolve({
      sourcemap: true,
-      module: true,
-      browser: true
-    }),
-    commonjs()
+      mainFields: ['module', 'browser', 'main']
+    })
+    // commonjs()
  ]
 }, {
-  input: ['./examples/textarea.js', './examples/prosemirror.js'], // './examples/quill.js', './examples/dom.js', './examples/codemirror.js'
+  input: ['./examples/prosemirror.js'], // './examples/textarea.js', './examples/quill.js', './examples/dom.js', './examples/codemirror.js'
  output: {
    dir: 'examples/build',
    format: 'esm',
@@ -96,8 +95,7 @@ export default [{
    debugResolve,
    nodeResolve({
      sourcemap: true,
-      module: true,
-      browser: true
+      mainFields: ['module', 'browser', 'main']
    }),
    commonjs(),
    ...minificationPlugins
--- a/src/index.js
+++ b/src/index.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@

 export {
-  Y,
+  Doc,
  Transaction,
  YArray as Array,
  YMap as Map,
@@ -24,25 +24,23 @@ export {
  ItemString,
  ItemType,
  AbstractType,
-  compareCursors,
-  Cursor,
-  createCursorFromTypeOffset,
-  createCursorFromJSON,
-  createAbsolutePositionFromCursor,
-  writeCursor,
-  readCursor,
+  RelativePosition,
+  createRelativePositionFromTypeIndex,
+  createRelativePositionFromJSON,
+  createAbsolutePositionFromRelativePosition,
+  compareRelativePositions,
+  writeRelativePosition,
+  readRelativePosition,
  ID,
  createID,
  compareIDs,
  getState,
-  getStates,
-  readStatesAsMap,
-  writeStates,
-  writeModel,
-  readModel,
  Snapshot,
  findRootTypeKey,
-  typeArrayToArraySnapshot,
+  typeListToArraySnapshot,
  typeMapGetSnapshot,
-  iterateDeletedStructs
+  iterateDeletedStructs,
+  applyUpdate,
+  encodeStateAsUpdate,
+  encodeStateVector
 } from './internals.js'
--- a/src/internals.js
+++ b/src/internals.js
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ export * from './utils/DeleteSet.js'
 export * from './utils/EventHandler.js'
 export * from './utils/ID.js'
 export * from './utils/isParentOf.js'
-export * from './utils/cursor.js'
+export * from './utils/RelativePosition.js'
 export * from './utils/Snapshot.js'
 export * from './utils/StructStore.js'
 export * from './utils/Transaction.js'
 // export * from './utils/UndoManager.js'
-export * from './utils/Y.js'
+export * from './utils/Doc.js'
 export * from './utils/YEvent.js'

 export * from './types/AbstractType.js'
--- a/src/structs/AbstractItem.js
+++ b/src/structs/AbstractItem.js
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import {
  getItemType,
  getItemCleanEnd,
  getItemCleanStart,
-  YEvent, StructStore, ID, AbstractType, Y, Transaction // eslint-disable-line
+  YEvent, StructStore, ID, AbstractType, Transaction // eslint-disable-line
 } from '../internals.js'

 import * as error from 'lib0/error.js'
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ export class AbstractItem extends AbstractStruct {
   * @private
   */
  integrate (transaction) {
-    const store = transaction.y.store
+    const store = transaction.doc.store
    const id = this.id
    const parent = this.parent
    const parentSub = this.parentSub
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ export class AbstractItem extends AbstractStruct {
   * @private
   */
  copy (id, left, origin, right, rightOrigin, parent, parentSub) {
-    throw new Error('unimplemented')
+    throw error.methodUnimplemented()
  }

  /**
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ export class AbstractItem extends AbstractStruct {
   * @private
   */
  splitAt (transaction, diff) {
-    throw new Error('unimplemented')
+    throw error.methodUnimplemented()
  }

  /**
@@ -415,22 +415,22 @@ export class AbstractItem extends AbstractStruct {
  }

  /**
-   * @param {Transaction} transaction
   * @param {StructStore} store
   *
   * @private
   */
-  gcChildren (transaction, store) { }
+  gcChildren (store) { }

  /**
-   * @param {Transaction} transaction
   * @param {StructStore} store
   * @param {boolean} parentGCd
   *
   * @private
   */
-  gc (transaction, store, parentGCd) {
-    this.delete(transaction) // @todo: shouldn't be necessary
+  gc (store, parentGCd) {
+    if (!this.deleted) {
+      throw error.unexpectedCase()
+    }
    let r
    if (parentGCd) {
      r = new GC(this.id, this.length)
@@ -448,7 +448,6 @@ export class AbstractItem extends AbstractStruct {
      }
    }
    replaceStruct(store, this, r)
-    transaction._mergeStructs.add(r.id)
  }

  /**
@@ -616,12 +615,16 @@ export const computeItemParams = (transaction, store, leftid, rightid, parentid,
      case GC:
        break
      default:
-        if (!parentItem.deleted) {
+        // Edge case: toStruct is called with an offset > 0. In this case left is defined.
+        // Depending in which order structs arrive, left may be GC'd and the parent not
+        // deleted. This is why we check if left is GC'd. Strictly we probably don't have
+        // to check if right is GC'd, but we will in case we run into future issues
+        if (!parentItem.deleted && (left === null || left.constructor !== GC) && (right === null || right.constructor !== GC)) {
          parent = parentItem.type
        }
    }
  } else if (parentYKey !== null) {
-    parent = transaction.y.get(parentYKey)
+    parent = transaction.doc.get(parentYKey)
  } else if (left !== null) {
    if (left.constructor !== GC) {
      parent = left.parent
--- a/src/structs/AbstractStruct.js
+++ b/src/structs/AbstractStruct.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@

 import {
-  Y, StructStore, ID, Transaction // eslint-disable-line
+  StructStore, ID, Transaction // eslint-disable-line
 } from '../internals.js'

 import * as encoding from 'lib0/encoding.js' // eslint-disable-line
--- a/src/structs/GC.js
+++ b/src/structs/GC.js
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import {
  AbstractStruct,
  createID,
  addStruct,
-  Y, StructStore, Transaction, ID // eslint-disable-line
+  StructStore, Transaction, ID // eslint-disable-line
 } from '../internals.js'

 import * as decoding from 'lib0/decoding.js'
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ export class GC extends AbstractStruct {
   * @param {Transaction} transaction
   */
  integrate (transaction) {
-    addStruct(transaction.y.store, this)
+    addStruct(transaction.doc.store, this)
  }

  /**
--- a/src/structs/ItemBinary.js
+++ b/src/structs/ItemBinary.js
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {

 import * as encoding from 'lib0/encoding.js'
 import * as decoding from 'lib0/decoding.js'
+import * as buffer from 'lib0/buffer.js'

 /**
 * @private
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ export class ItemBinary extends AbstractItem {
   * @param {ID | null} rightOrigin
   * @param {AbstractType<any>} parent
   * @param {string | null} parentSub
-   * @param {ArrayBuffer} content
+   * @param {Uint8Array} content
   */
  constructor (id, left, origin, right, rightOrigin, parent, parentSub, content) {
    super(id, left, origin, right, rightOrigin, parent, parentSub)
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ export class ItemBinary extends AbstractItem {
   */
  write (encoder, offset) {
    super.write(encoder, offset, structBinaryRefNumber)
-    encoding.writePayload(encoder, this.content)
+    encoding.writeVarUint8Array(encoder, this.content)
  }
 }

@@ -70,9 +71,9 @@ export class ItemBinaryRef extends AbstractItemRef {
  constructor (decoder, id, info) {
    super(decoder, id, info)
    /**
-     * @type {ArrayBuffer}
+     * @type {Uint8Array}
     */
-    this.content = decoding.readPayload(decoder)
+    this.content = buffer.copyUint8Array(decoding.readVarUint8Array(decoder))
  }
  /**
   * @param {Transaction} transaction
--- a/src/structs/ItemDeleted.js
+++ b/src/structs/ItemDeleted.js
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {
  splitItem,
  addToDeleteSet,
  mergeItemWith,
-  Y, StructStore, Transaction, ID, AbstractType // eslint-disable-line
+  StructStore, Transaction, ID, AbstractType // eslint-disable-line
 } from '../internals.js'

 import * as encoding from 'lib0/encoding.js'
@@ -87,15 +87,14 @@ export class ItemDeleted extends AbstractItem {
  }

  /**
-   * @param {Transaction} transaction
   * @param {StructStore} store
   * @param {boolean} parentGCd
   *
   * @private
   */
-  gc (transaction, store, parentGCd) {
+  gc (store, parentGCd) {
    if (parentGCd) {
-      super.gc(transaction, store, parentGCd)
+      super.gc(store, parentGCd)
    }
  }
  /**
--- a/src/structs/ItemEmbed.js
+++ b/src/structs/ItemEmbed.js
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ export class ItemEmbedRef extends AbstractItemRef {
  constructor (decoder, id, info) {
    super(decoder, id, info)
    /**
-     * @type {ArrayBuffer}
+     * @type {Object}
     */
    this.embed = JSON.parse(decoding.readVarString(decoder))
  }
--- a/src/structs/ItemJSON.js
+++ b/src/structs/ItemJSON.js
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import {
  changeItemRefOffset,
  GC,
  mergeItemWith,
-  Transaction, StructStore, Y, ID, AbstractType // eslint-disable-line
+  Transaction, StructStore, ID, AbstractType // eslint-disable-line
 } from '../internals.js'

 import * as encoding from 'lib0/encoding.js'
--- a/src/structs/ItemString.js
+++ b/src/structs/ItemString.js
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import {
  changeItemRefOffset,
  GC,
  mergeItemWith,
-  Transaction, StructStore, Y, ID, AbstractType // eslint-disable-line
+  Transaction, StructStore, ID, AbstractType // eslint-disable-line
 } from '../internals.js'

 import * as encoding from 'lib0/encoding.js'
--- a/src/structs/ItemType.js
+++ b/src/structs/ItemType.js
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import {
  readYXmlFragment,
  readYXmlHook,
  readYXmlText,
-  StructStore, Y, GC, Transaction, ID, AbstractType // eslint-disable-line
+  StructStore, GC, Transaction, ID, AbstractType // eslint-disable-line
 } from '../internals.js'

 import * as encoding from 'lib0/encoding.js' // eslint-disable-line
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ export class ItemType extends AbstractItem {
   */
  integrate (transaction) {
    super.integrate(transaction)
-    this.type._integrate(transaction.y, this)
+    this.type._integrate(transaction.doc, this)
  }
  /**
   * @param {encoding.Encoder} encoder
@@ -106,11 +106,22 @@ export class ItemType extends AbstractItem {
      while (item !== null) {
        if (!item.deleted) {
          item.delete(transaction)
+        } else {
+          // Whis will be gc'd later and we want to merge it if possible
+          // We try to merge all deleted items after each transaction,
+          // but we have no knowledge about that this needs to be merged
+          // since it is not in transaction.ds. Hence we add it to transaction._mergeStructs
+          transaction._mergeStructs.add(item.id)
        }
        item = item.right
      }
      this.type._map.forEach(item => {
-        item.delete(transaction)
+        if (!item.deleted) {
+          item.delete(transaction)
+        } else {
+          // same as above
+          transaction._mergeStructs.add(item.id)
+        }
      })
      transaction.changed.delete(this.type)
      transaction.changedParentTypes.delete(this.type)
@@ -118,19 +129,18 @@ export class ItemType extends AbstractItem {
  }

  /**
-   * @param {Transaction} transaction
   * @param {StructStore} store
   */
-  gcChildren (transaction, store) {
+  gcChildren (store) {
    let item = this.type._start
    while (item !== null) {
-      item.gc(transaction, store, true)
+      item.gc(store, true)
      item = item.right
    }
    this.type._start = null
    this.type._map.forEach(item => {
      while (item !== null) {
-        item.gc(transaction, store, true)
+        item.gc(store, true)
        // @ts-ignore
        item = item.left
      }
@@ -139,13 +149,12 @@ export class ItemType extends AbstractItem {
  }

  /**
-   * @param {Transaction} transaction
   * @param {StructStore} store
   * @param {boolean} parentGCd
   */
-  gc (transaction, store, parentGCd) {
-    this.gcChildren(transaction, store)
-    super.gc(transaction, store, parentGCd)
+  gc (store, parentGCd) {
+    this.gcChildren(store)
+    super.gc(store, parentGCd)
  }
 }

--- a/src/types/AbstractType.js
+++ b/src/types/AbstractType.js
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import {
  ItemBinary,
  createID,
  getItemCleanStart,
-  Y, Snapshot, Transaction, EventHandler, YEvent, AbstractItem, // eslint-disable-line
+  Doc, Snapshot, Transaction, EventHandler, YEvent, AbstractItem, // eslint-disable-line
 } from '../internals.js'

 import * as map from 'lib0/map.js'
@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ export class AbstractType {
    this._start = null
    /**
     * @private
-     * @type {Y|null}
+     * @type {Doc|null}
     */
-    this._y = null
+    this.doc = null
    this._length = 0
    /**
     * Event handlers
@@ -87,12 +87,12 @@ export class AbstractType {
   * * This type is sent to other client
   * * Observer functions are fired
   *
-   * @param {Y} y The Yjs instance
+   * @param {Doc} y The Yjs instance
   * @param {ItemType|null} item
   * @private
   */
  _integrate (y, item) {
-    this._y = y
+    this.doc = y
    this._item = item
  }

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ export class AbstractType {
   * @private
   */
  _copy () {
-    throw new Error('unimplemented')
+    throw error.methodUnimplemented()
  }

  /**
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ export class AbstractType {
 * @private
 * @function
 */
-export const typeArrayToArray = type => {
+export const typeListToArray = type => {
  const cs = []
  let n = type._start
  while (n !== null) {
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ export const typeArrayToArray = type => {
 * @private
 * @function
 */
-export const typeArrayToArraySnapshot = (type, snapshot) => {
+export const typeListToArraySnapshot = (type, snapshot) => {
  const cs = []
  let n = type._start
  while (n !== null) {
@@ -224,12 +224,12 @@ export const typeArrayToArraySnapshot = (type, snapshot) => {
 * Executes a provided function on once on overy element of this YArray.
 *
 * @param {AbstractType<any>} type
- * @param {function(any,number,AbstractType<any>):void} f A function to execute on every element of this YArray.
+ * @param {function(any,number,any):void} f A function to execute on every element of this YArray.
 *
 * @private
 * @function
 */
-export const typeArrayForEach = (type, f) => {
+export const typeListForEach = (type, f) => {
  let index = 0
  let n = type._start
  while (n !== null) {
@@ -252,12 +252,12 @@ export const typeArrayForEach = (type, f) => {
 * @private
 * @function
 */
-export const typeArrayMap = (type, f) => {
+export const typeListMap = (type, f) => {
  /**
   * @type {Array<any>}
   */
  const result = []
-  typeArrayForEach(type, (c, i) => {
+  typeListForEach(type, (c, i) => {
    result.push(f(c, i, type))
  })
  return result
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ export const typeArrayMap = (type, f) => {
 * @private
 * @function
 */
-export const typeArrayCreateIterator = type => {
+export const typeListCreateIterator = type => {
  let n = type._start
  /**
   * @type {Array<any>|null}
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ export const typeArrayCreateIterator = type => {
 * @private
 * @function
 */
-export const typeArrayForEachSnapshot = (type, f, snapshot) => {
+export const typeListForEachSnapshot = (type, f, snapshot) => {
  let index = 0
  let n = type._start
  while (n !== null) {
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ export const typeArrayForEachSnapshot = (type, f, snapshot) => {
 * @private
 * @function
 */
-export const typeArrayGet = (type, index) => {
+export const typeListGet = (type, index) => {
  for (let n = type._start; n !== null; n = n.right) {
    if (!n.deleted && n.countable) {
      if (index < n.length) {
@@ -363,12 +363,12 @@ export const typeArrayGet = (type, index) => {
 * @param {Transaction} transaction
 * @param {AbstractType<any>} parent
 * @param {AbstractItem?} referenceItem
- * @param {Array<Object<string,any>|Array<any>|number|string|ArrayBuffer>} content
+ * @param {Array<Object<string,any>|Array<any>|number|string|Uint8Array>} content
 *
 * @private
 * @function
 */
-export const typeArrayInsertGenericsAfter = (transaction, parent, referenceItem, content) => {
+export const typeListInsertGenericsAfter = (transaction, parent, referenceItem, content) => {
  let left = referenceItem
  const right = referenceItem === null ? parent._start : referenceItem.right
  /**
@@ -393,10 +393,9 @@ export const typeArrayInsertGenericsAfter = (transaction, parent, referenceItem,
      default:
        packJsonContent()
        switch (c.constructor) {
+          case Uint8Array:
          case ArrayBuffer:
-            // @ts-ignore c is definitely an ArrayBuffer
-            left = new ItemBinary(nextID(transaction), left, left === null ? null : left.lastId, right, right === null ? null : right.id, parent, null, c)
-            // @ts-ignore
+            left = new ItemBinary(nextID(transaction), left, left === null ? null : left.lastId, right, right === null ? null : right.id, parent, null, new Uint8Array(/** @type {Uint8Array} */ (c)))
            left.integrate(transaction)
            break
          default:
@@ -416,14 +415,14 @@ export const typeArrayInsertGenericsAfter = (transaction, parent, referenceItem,
 * @param {Transaction} transaction
 * @param {AbstractType<any>} parent
 * @param {number} index
- * @param {Array<Object<string,any>|Array<any>|number|string|ArrayBuffer>} content
+ * @param {Array<Object<string,any>|Array<any>|number|string|Uint8Array>} content
 *
 * @private
 * @function
 */
-export const typeArrayInsertGenerics = (transaction, parent, index, content) => {
+export const typeListInsertGenerics = (transaction, parent, index, content) => {
  if (index === 0) {
-    return typeArrayInsertGenericsAfter(transaction, parent, null, content)
+    return typeListInsertGenericsAfter(transaction, parent, null, content)
  }
  let n = parent._start
  for (; n !== null; n = n.right) {
@@ -431,14 +430,14 @@ export const typeArrayInsertGenerics = (transaction, parent, index, content) =>
      if (index <= n.length) {
        if (index < n.length) {
          // insert in-between
-          getItemCleanStart(transaction, transaction.y.store, createID(n.id.client, n.id.clock + index))
+          getItemCleanStart(transaction, transaction.doc.store, createID(n.id.client, n.id.clock + index))
        }
        break
      }
      index -= n.length
    }
  }
-  return typeArrayInsertGenericsAfter(transaction, parent, n, content)
+  return typeListInsertGenericsAfter(transaction, parent, n, content)
 }

 /**
@@ -450,14 +449,14 @@ export const typeArrayInsertGenerics = (transaction, parent, index, content) =>
 * @private
 * @function
 */
-export const typeArrayDelete = (transaction, parent, index, length) => {
+export const typeListDelete = (transaction, parent, index, length) => {
  if (length === 0) { return }
  let n = parent._start
  // compute the first item to be deleted
  for (; n !== null && index > 0; n = n.right) {
    if (!n.deleted && n.countable) {
      if (index < n.length) {
-        getItemCleanStart(transaction, transaction.y.store, createID(n.id.client, n.id.clock + index))
+        getItemCleanStart(transaction, transaction.doc.store, createID(n.id.client, n.id.clock + index))
      }
      index -= n.length
    }
@@ -466,7 +465,7 @@ export const typeArrayDelete = (transaction, parent, index, length) => {
  while (length > 0 && n !== null) {
    if (!n.deleted) {
      if (length < n.length) {
-        getItemCleanStart(transaction, transaction.y.store, createID(n.id.client, n.id.clock + length))
+        getItemCleanStart(transaction, transaction.doc.store, createID(n.id.client, n.id.clock + length))
      }
      n.delete(transaction)
      length -= n.length
@@ -497,7 +496,7 @@ export const typeMapDelete = (transaction, parent, key) => {
 * @param {Transaction} transaction
 * @param {AbstractType<any>} parent
 * @param {string} key
- * @param {Object|number|Array<any>|string|ArrayBuffer|AbstractType<any>} value
+ * @param {Object|number|Array<any>|string|Uint8Array|AbstractType<any>} value
 *
 * @private
 * @function
@@ -515,7 +514,7 @@ export const typeMapSet = (transaction, parent, key, value) => {
    case String:
      new ItemJSON(nextID(transaction), left, left === null ? null : left.lastId, null, null, parent, key, [value]).integrate(transaction)
      break
-    case ArrayBuffer:
+    case Uint8Array:
      new ItemBinary(nextID(transaction), left, left === null ? null : left.lastId, null, null, parent, key, value).integrate(transaction)
      break
    default:
@@ -530,7 +529,7 @@ export const typeMapSet = (transaction, parent, key, value) => {
 /**
 * @param {AbstractType<any>} parent
 * @param {string} key
- * @return {Object<string,any>|number|Array<any>|string|ArrayBuffer|AbstractType<any>|undefined}
+ * @return {Object<string,any>|number|Array<any>|string|Uint8Array|AbstractType<any>|undefined}
 *
 * @private
 * @function
@@ -542,7 +541,7 @@ export const typeMapGet = (parent, key) => {

 /**
 * @param {AbstractType<any>} parent
- * @return {Object<string,Object<string,any>|number|Array<any>|string|ArrayBuffer|AbstractType<any>|undefined>}
+ * @return {Object<string,Object<string,any>|number|Array<any>|string|Uint8Array|AbstractType<any>|undefined>}
 *
 * @private
 * @function
@@ -577,7 +576,7 @@ export const typeMapHas = (parent, key) => {
 * @param {AbstractType<any>} parent
 * @param {string} key
 * @param {Snapshot} snapshot
- * @return {Object<string,any>|number|Array<any>|string|ArrayBuffer|AbstractType<any>|undefined}
+ * @return {Object<string,any>|number|Array<any>|string|Uint8Array|AbstractType<any>|undefined}
 *
 * @private
 * @function
@@ -597,4 +596,4 @@ export const typeMapGetSnapshot = (parent, key, snapshot) => {
 * @private
 * @function
 */
-export const createMapIterator = map => iterator.iteratorFilter(map.entries(), entry => !entry[1].deleted)
+export const createMapIterator = map => iterator.iteratorFilter(map.entries(), /** @param {any} entry */ entry => !entry[1].deleted)
--- a/src/types/YArray.js
+++ b/src/types/YArray.js
@@ -5,17 +5,17 @@
 import {
  YEvent,
  AbstractType,
-  typeArrayGet,
-  typeArrayToArray,
-  typeArrayForEach,
-  typeArrayCreateIterator,
-  typeArrayInsertGenerics,
-  typeArrayDelete,
-  typeArrayMap,
+  typeListGet,
+  typeListToArray,
+  typeListForEach,
+  typeListCreateIterator,
+  typeListInsertGenerics,
+  typeListDelete,
+  typeListMap,
  YArrayRefID,
  callTypeObservers,
  transact,
-  Y, Transaction, ItemType, // eslint-disable-line
+  Doc, Transaction, ItemType, // eslint-disable-line
 } from '../internals.js'

 import * as decoding from 'lib0/decoding.js' // eslint-disable-line
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ export class YArray extends AbstractType {
   * * This type is sent to other client
   * * Observer functions are fired
   *
-   * @param {Y} y The Yjs instance
+   * @param {Doc} y The Yjs instance
   * @param {ItemType} item
   *
   * @private
@@ -84,6 +84,59 @@ export class YArray extends AbstractType {
    callTypeObservers(this, transaction, new YArrayEvent(this, transaction))
  }

+  /**
+   * Inserts new content at an index.
+   *
+   * Important: This function expects an array of content. Not just a content
+   * object. The reason for this "weirdness" is that inserting several elements
+   * is very efficient when it is done as a single operation.
+   *
+   * @example
+   *  // Insert character 'a' at position 0
+   *  yarray.insert(0, ['a'])
+   *  // Insert numbers 1, 2 at position 1
+   *  yarray.insert(1, [1, 2])
+   *
+   * @param {number} index The index to insert content at.
+   * @param {Array<T>} content The array of content
+   */
+  insert (index, content) {
+    if (this.doc !== null) {
+      transact(this.doc, transaction => {
+        typeListInsertGenerics(transaction, this, index, content)
+      })
+    } else {
+      // @ts-ignore _prelimContent is defined because this is not yet integrated
+      this._prelimContent.splice(index, 0, ...content)
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Appends content to this YArray.
+   *
+   * @param {Array<T>} content Array of content to append.
+   */
+  push (content) {
+    this.insert(this.length, content)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Deletes elements starting from an index.
+   *
+   * @param {number} index Index at which to start deleting elements
+   * @param {number} length The number of elements to remove. Defaults to 1.
+   */
+  delete (index, length = 1) {
+    if (this.doc !== null) {
+      transact(this.doc, transaction => {
+        typeListDelete(transaction, this, index, length)
+      })
+    } else {
+      // @ts-ignore _prelimContent is defined because this is not yet integrated
+      this._prelimContent.splice(index, length)
+    }
+  }
+
  /**
   * Returns the i-th element from a YArray.
   *
@@ -91,7 +144,7 @@ export class YArray extends AbstractType {
   * @return {T}
   */
  get (index) {
-    return typeArrayGet(this, index)
+    return typeListGet(this, index)
  }

  /**
@@ -100,7 +153,7 @@ export class YArray extends AbstractType {
   * @return {Array<T>}
   */
  toArray () {
-    return typeArrayToArray(this)
+    return typeListToArray(this)
  }

  /**
@@ -123,76 +176,23 @@ export class YArray extends AbstractType {
   */
  map (f) {
    // @ts-ignore
-    return typeArrayMap(this, f)
+    return typeListMap(this, f)
  }

  /**
   * Executes a provided function on once on overy element of this YArray.
   *
-   * @param {function(T,number):void} f A function to execute on every element of this YArray.
+   * @param {function(T,number,YArray<T>):void} f A function to execute on every element of this YArray.
   */
  forEach (f) {
-    typeArrayForEach(this, f)
+    typeListForEach(this, f)
  }

  /**
   * @return {IterableIterator<T>}
   */
  [Symbol.iterator] () {
-    return typeArrayCreateIterator(this)
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Deletes elements starting from an index.
-   *
-   * @param {number} index Index at which to start deleting elements
-   * @param {number} length The number of elements to remove. Defaults to 1.
-   */
-  delete (index, length = 1) {
-    if (this._y !== null) {
-      transact(this._y, transaction => {
-        typeArrayDelete(transaction, this, index, length)
-      })
-    } else {
-      // @ts-ignore _prelimContent is defined because this is not yet integrated
-      this._prelimContent.splice(index, length)
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Inserts new content at an index.
-   *
-   * Important: This function expects an array of content. Not just a content
-   * object. The reason for this "weirdness" is that inserting several elements
-   * is very efficient when it is done as a single operation.
-   *
-   * @example
-   *  // Insert character 'a' at position 0
-   *  yarray.insert(0, ['a'])
-   *  // Insert numbers 1, 2 at position 1
-   *  yarray.insert(1, [1, 2])
-   *
-   * @param {number} index The index to insert content at.
-   * @param {Array<T>} content The array of content
-   */
-  insert (index, content) {
-    if (this._y !== null) {
-      transact(this._y, transaction => {
-        typeArrayInsertGenerics(transaction, this, index, content)
-      })
-    } else {
-      // @ts-ignore _prelimContent is defined because this is not yet integrated
-      this._prelimContent.splice(index, 0, ...content)
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Appends content to this YArray.
-   *
-   * @param {Array<T>} content Array of content to append.
-   */
-  push (content) {
-    this.insert(this.length, content)
+    return typeListCreateIterator(this)
  }

  /**
--- a/src/types/YMap.js
+++ b/src/types/YMap.js
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import {
  YMapRefID,
  callTypeObservers,
  transact,
-  Y, Transaction, ItemType, // eslint-disable-line
+  Doc, Transaction, ItemType, // eslint-disable-line
 } from '../internals.js'

 import * as encoding from 'lib0/encoding.js'
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ export class YMapEvent extends YEvent {
 }

 /**
- * @template T number|string|Object|Array|ArrayBuffer
+ * @template T number|string|Object|Array|Uint8Array
 * A shared Map implementation.
 *
 * @extends AbstractType<YMapEvent<T>>
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ export class YMap extends AbstractType {
   * * This type is sent to other client
   * * Observer functions are fired
   *
-   * @param {Y} y The Yjs instance
+   * @param {Doc} y The Yjs instance
   * @param {ItemType} item
   *
   * @private
@@ -110,15 +110,25 @@ export class YMap extends AbstractType {
   * @return {Iterator<string>}
   */
  keys () {
-    return iterator.iteratorMap(createMapIterator(this._map), v => v[0])
+    return iterator.iteratorMap(createMapIterator(this._map), /** @param {any} v */ v => v[0])
  }
+
  /**
-   * Returns the value for each element in the YMap Type.
+   * Returns the keys for each element in the YMap Type.
   *
-   * @return {IterableIterator<T>}
+   * @return {Iterator<string>}
+   */
+  values () {
+    return iterator.iteratorMap(createMapIterator(this._map), /** @param {any} v */ v => v[1].getContent()[v[1].length - 1])
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns an Iterator of [key, value] pairs
+   *
+   * @return {IterableIterator<any>}
   */
  entries () {
-    return iterator.iteratorMap(createMapIterator(this._map), v => v[1].getContent()[0])
+    return iterator.iteratorMap(createMapIterator(this._map), /** @param {any} v */ v => [v[0], v[1].getContent()[v[1].length - 1]])
  }

  /**
@@ -134,8 +144,8 @@ export class YMap extends AbstractType {
   * @param {string} key The key of the element to remove.
   */
  delete (key) {
-    if (this._y !== null) {
-      transact(this._y, transaction => {
+    if (this.doc !== null) {
+      transact(this.doc, transaction => {
        typeMapDelete(transaction, this, key)
      })
    } else {
@@ -151,8 +161,8 @@ export class YMap extends AbstractType {
   * @param {T} value The value of the element to add
   */
  set (key, value) {
-    if (this._y !== null) {
-      transact(this._y, transaction => {
+    if (this.doc !== null) {
+      transact(this.doc, transaction => {
        typeMapSet(transaction, this, key, value)
      })
    } else {
--- a/src/types/YText.js
+++ b/src/types/YText.js
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import {
  YTextRefID,
  callTypeObservers,
  transact,
-  Y, ItemType, AbstractItem, Snapshot, StructStore, Transaction // eslint-disable-line
+  Doc, ItemType, AbstractItem, Snapshot, StructStore, Transaction // eslint-disable-line
 } from '../internals.js'

 import * as decoding from 'lib0/decoding.js' // eslint-disable-line
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ const formatText = (transaction, parent, left, right, currentAttributes, length,
        case ItemEmbed:
        case ItemString:
          if (length < right.length) {
-            getItemCleanStart(transaction, transaction.y.store, createID(right.id.client, right.id.clock + length))
+            getItemCleanStart(transaction, transaction.doc.store, createID(right.id.client, right.id.clock + length))
          }
          length -= right.length
          break
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ const deleteText = (transaction, left, right, currentAttributes, length) => {
        case ItemEmbed:
        case ItemString:
          if (length < right.length) {
-            getItemCleanStart(transaction, transaction.y.store, createID(right.id.client, right.id.clock + length))
+            getItemCleanStart(transaction, transaction.doc.store, createID(right.id.client, right.id.clock + length))
          }
          length -= right.length
          right.delete(transaction)
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ const deleteText = (transaction, left, right, currentAttributes, length) => {
 /**
 * Event that describes the changes on a YText type.
 */
-class YTextEvent extends YEvent {
+export class YTextEvent extends YEvent {
  /**
   * @param {YText} ytext
   * @param {Transaction} transaction
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ class YTextEvent extends YEvent {
   */
  get delta () {
    if (this._delta === null) {
-      const y = this.target._y
+      const y = this.target.doc
      // @ts-ignore
      transact(y, transaction => {
        /**
@@ -475,11 +475,13 @@ class YTextEvent extends YEvent {
          switch (item.constructor) {
            case ItemEmbed:
              if (this.adds(item)) {
-                addOp()
-                action = 'insert'
-                // @ts-ignore item is ItemFormat
-                insert = item.embed
-                addOp()
+                if (!this.deletes(item)) {
+                  addOp()
+                  action = 'insert'
+                  // @ts-ignore item is ItemFormat
+                  insert = item.embed
+                  addOp()
+                }
              } else if (this.deletes(item)) {
                if (action !== 'delete') {
                  addOp()
@@ -496,12 +498,14 @@ class YTextEvent extends YEvent {
              break
            case ItemString:
              if (this.adds(item)) {
-                if (action !== 'insert') {
-                  addOp()
-                  action = 'insert'
+                if (!this.deletes(item)) {
+                  if (action !== 'insert') {
+                    addOp()
+                    action = 'insert'
+                  }
+                  // @ts-ignore
+                  insert += item.string
                }
-                // @ts-ignore
-                insert += item.string
              } else if (this.deletes(item)) {
                if (action !== 'delete') {
                  addOp()
@@ -518,23 +522,25 @@ class YTextEvent extends YEvent {
              break
            case ItemFormat:
              if (this.adds(item)) {
-                // @ts-ignore item is ItemFormat
-                const curVal = currentAttributes.get(item.key) || null
-                // @ts-ignore item is ItemFormat
-                if (curVal !== item.value) {
-                  if (action === 'retain') {
-                    addOp()
-                  }
+                if (!this.deletes(item)) {
                  // @ts-ignore item is ItemFormat
-                  if (item.value === (oldAttributes.get(item.key) || null)) {
+                  const curVal = currentAttributes.get(item.key) || null
+                  // @ts-ignore item is ItemFormat
+                  if (curVal !== item.value) {
+                    if (action === 'retain') {
+                      addOp()
+                    }
                    // @ts-ignore item is ItemFormat
-                    delete attributes[item.key]
+                    if (item.value === (oldAttributes.get(item.key) || null)) {
+                      // @ts-ignore item is ItemFormat
+                      delete attributes[item.key]
+                    } else {
+                      // @ts-ignore item is ItemFormat
+                      attributes[item.key] = item.value
+                    }
                  } else {
-                    // @ts-ignore item is ItemFormat
-                    attributes[item.key] = item.value
+                    item.delete(transaction)
                  }
-                } else {
-                  item.delete(transaction)
                }
              } else if (this.deletes(item)) {
                // @ts-ignore item is ItemFormat
@@ -629,7 +635,7 @@ export class YText extends AbstractType {
  }

  /**
-   * @param {Y} y
+   * @param {Doc} y
   * @param {ItemType} item
   *
   * @private
@@ -686,8 +692,8 @@ export class YText extends AbstractType {
   * @public
   */
  applyDelta (delta) {
-    if (this._y !== null) {
-      transact(this._y, transaction => {
+    if (this.doc !== null) {
+      transact(this.doc, transaction => {
        /**
         * @type {ItemListPosition}
         */
@@ -803,7 +809,7 @@ export class YText extends AbstractType {
    if (text.length <= 0) {
      return
    }
-    const y = this._y
+    const y = this.doc
    if (y !== null) {
      transact(y, transaction => {
        const { left, right, currentAttributes } = findPosition(transaction, y.store, this, index)
@@ -829,7 +835,7 @@ export class YText extends AbstractType {
    if (embed.constructor !== Object) {
      throw new Error('Embed must be an Object')
    }
-    const y = this._y
+    const y = this.doc
    if (y !== null) {
      transact(y, transaction => {
        const { left, right, currentAttributes } = findPosition(transaction, y.store, this, index)
@@ -853,7 +859,7 @@ export class YText extends AbstractType {
    if (length === 0) {
      return
    }
-    const y = this._y
+    const y = this.doc
    if (y !== null) {
      transact(y, transaction => {
        const { left, right, currentAttributes } = findPosition(transaction, y.store, this, index)
@@ -876,7 +882,7 @@ export class YText extends AbstractType {
   * @public
   */
  format (index, length, attributes) {
-    const y = this._y
+    const y = this.doc
    if (y !== null) {
      transact(y, transaction => {
        let { left, right, currentAttributes } = findPosition(transaction, y.store, this, index)
--- a/src/types/YXmlElement.js
+++ b/src/types/YXmlElement.js
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ import {
  typeMapSet,
  typeMapGet,
  typeMapGetAll,
-  typeArrayForEach,
+  typeListForEach,
  YXmlElementRefID,
-  Snapshot, Y, ItemType // eslint-disable-line
+  Snapshot, Doc, ItemType // eslint-disable-line
 } from '../internals.js'

 import * as encoding from 'lib0/encoding.js'
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ export class YXmlElement extends YXmlFragment {
   * * This type is sent to other client
   * * Observer functions are fired
   *
-   * @param {Y} y The Yjs instance
+   * @param {Doc} y The Yjs instance
   * @param {ItemType} item
   * @private
   */
@@ -65,20 +65,16 @@ export class YXmlElement extends YXmlFragment {
    return new YXmlElement(this.nodeName)
  }

-  toString () {
-    return this.toDomString()
-  }
-
  /**
-   * Returns the string representation of this YXmlElement.
+   * Returns the XML serialization of this YXmlElement.
   * The attributes are ordered by attribute-name, so you can easily use this
   * method to compare YXmlElements
   *
-   * @return {String} The string representation of this type.
+   * @return {string} The string representation of this type.
   *
   * @public
   */
-  toDomString () {
+  toString () {
    const attrs = this.getAttributes()
    const stringBuilder = []
    const keys = []
@@ -93,7 +89,7 @@ export class YXmlElement extends YXmlFragment {
    }
    const nodeName = this.nodeName.toLocaleLowerCase()
    const attrsString = stringBuilder.length > 0 ? ' ' + stringBuilder.join(' ') : ''
-    return `<${nodeName}${attrsString}>${super.toDomString()}</${nodeName}>`
+    return `<${nodeName}${attrsString}>${super.toString()}</${nodeName}>`
  }

  /**
@@ -104,8 +100,8 @@ export class YXmlElement extends YXmlFragment {
   * @public
   */
  removeAttribute (attributeName) {
-    if (this._y !== null) {
-      transact(this._y, transaction => {
+    if (this.doc !== null) {
+      transact(this.doc, transaction => {
        typeMapDelete(transaction, this, attributeName)
      })
    } else {
@@ -123,8 +119,8 @@ export class YXmlElement extends YXmlFragment {
   * @public
   */
  setAttribute (attributeName, attributeValue) {
-    if (this._y !== null) {
-      transact(this._y, transaction => {
+    if (this.doc !== null) {
+      transact(this.doc, transaction => {
        typeMapSet(transaction, this, attributeName, attributeValue)
      })
    } else {
@@ -174,14 +170,14 @@ export class YXmlElement extends YXmlFragment {
   *
   * @public
   */
-  toDom (_document = document, hooks = {}, binding) {
+  toDOM (_document = document, hooks = {}, binding) {
    const dom = _document.createElement(this.nodeName)
    let attrs = this.getAttributes()
    for (let key in attrs) {
      dom.setAttribute(key, attrs[key])
    }
-    typeArrayForEach(this, yxml => {
-      dom.appendChild(yxml.toDom(_document, hooks, binding))
+    typeListForEach(this, yxml => {
+      dom.appendChild(yxml.toDOM(_document, hooks, binding))
    })
    if (binding !== undefined) {
      binding._createAssociation(dom, this)
--- a/src/types/YXmlFragment.js
+++ b/src/types/YXmlFragment.js
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ import {
  YXmlEvent,
  YXmlElement,
  AbstractType,
-  typeArrayMap,
-  typeArrayForEach,
-  typeArrayInsertGenerics,
-  typeArrayDelete,
-  typeArrayToArray,
+  typeListMap,
+  typeListForEach,
+  typeListInsertGenerics,
+  typeListDelete,
+  typeListToArray,
  YXmlFragmentRefID,
  callTypeObservers,
  transact,
@@ -205,17 +205,17 @@ export class YXmlFragment extends AbstractType {
    callTypeObservers(this, transaction, new YXmlEvent(this, parentSubs, transaction))
  }

-  toString () {
-    return this.toDomString()
-  }
-
  /**
   * Get the string representation of all the children of this YXmlFragment.
   *
   * @return {string} The string representation of all children.
   */
-  toDomString () {
-    return typeArrayMap(this, xml => xml.toDomString()).join('')
+  toString () {
+    return typeListMap(this, xml => xml.toString()).join('')
+  }
+
+  toJSON () {
+    return this.toString()
  }

  /**
@@ -233,13 +233,13 @@ export class YXmlFragment extends AbstractType {
   *
   * @public
   */
-  toDom (_document = document, hooks = {}, binding) {
+  toDOM (_document = document, hooks = {}, binding) {
    const fragment = _document.createDocumentFragment()
    if (binding !== undefined) {
      binding._createAssociation(fragment, this)
    }
-    typeArrayForEach(this, xmlType => {
-      fragment.insertBefore(xmlType.toDom(_document, hooks, binding), null)
+    typeListForEach(this, xmlType => {
+      fragment.insertBefore(xmlType.toDOM(_document, hooks, binding), null)
    })
    return fragment
  }
@@ -255,9 +255,9 @@ export class YXmlFragment extends AbstractType {
   * @param {Array<YXmlElement|YXmlText>} content The array of content
   */
  insert (index, content) {
-    if (this._y !== null) {
-      transact(this._y, transaction => {
-        typeArrayInsertGenerics(transaction, this, index, content)
+    if (this.doc !== null) {
+      transact(this.doc, transaction => {
+        typeListInsertGenerics(transaction, this, index, content)
      })
    } else {
      // @ts-ignore _prelimContent is defined because this is not yet integrated
@@ -272,9 +272,9 @@ export class YXmlFragment extends AbstractType {
   * @param {number} [length=1] The number of elements to remove. Defaults to 1.
   */
  delete (index, length = 1) {
-    if (this._y !== null) {
-      transact(this._y, transaction => {
-        typeArrayDelete(transaction, this, index, length)
+    if (this.doc !== null) {
+      transact(this.doc, transaction => {
+        typeListDelete(transaction, this, index, length)
      })
    } else {
      // @ts-ignore _prelimContent is defined because this is not yet integrated
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ export class YXmlFragment extends AbstractType {
   * @return {Array<YXmlElement|YXmlText|YXmlHook>}
   */
  toArray () {
-    return typeArrayToArray(this)
+    return typeListToArray(this)
  }
  /**
   * Transform the properties of this type to binary and write it to an
--- a/src/types/YXmlHook.js
+++ b/src/types/YXmlHook.js
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ export class YXmlHook extends YMap {
   *
   * @public
   */
-  toDom (_document = document, hooks = {}, binding) {
+  toDOM (_document = document, hooks = {}, binding) {
    const hook = hooks[this.hookName]
    let dom
    if (hook !== undefined) {
--- a/src/types/YXmlText.js
+++ b/src/types/YXmlText.js
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export class YXmlText extends YText {
   *
   * @public
   */
-  toDom (_document = document, hooks, binding) {
+  toDOM (_document = document, hooks, binding) {
    const dom = _document.createTextNode(this.toString())
    if (binding !== undefined) {
      binding._createAssociation(dom, this)
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ export class YXmlText extends YText {
    return dom
  }

-  toDomString () {
+  toString () {
    // @ts-ignore
    return this.toDelta().map(delta => {
      const nestedNodes = []
@@ -66,6 +66,10 @@ export class YXmlText extends YText {
    }).join('')
  }

+  toJSON () {
+    return this.toString()
+  }
+
  /**
   * @param {encoding.Encoder} encoder
   *
--- a/src/utils/DeleteSet.js
+++ b/src/utils/DeleteSet.js
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ export class DeleteSet {
 /**
 * Iterate over all structs that were deleted.
 *
- * This function expects that the deletes structs are not deleted. Hence, you can
+ * This function expects that the deletes structs are not merged. Hence, you can
 * probably only use it in type observes and `afterTransaction` events. But not
 * in `afterTransactionCleanup`.
 *
@@ -266,6 +266,6 @@ export const readDeleteSet = (decoder, transaction, store) => {
  if (unappliedDS.clients.size > 0) {
    const unappliedDSEncoder = encoding.createEncoder()
    writeDeleteSet(unappliedDSEncoder, unappliedDS)
-    store.pendingDeleteReaders.push(decoding.createDecoder(encoding.toBuffer(unappliedDSEncoder)))
+    store.pendingDeleteReaders.push(decoding.createDecoder(encoding.toUint8Array(unappliedDSEncoder)))
  }
 }
--- a/src/utils/Doc.js
+++ b/src/utils/Doc.js
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import {
  YMap,
  YXmlFragment,
  transact,
-  Transaction, YEvent // eslint-disable-line
+  AbstractItem, Transaction, YEvent // eslint-disable-line
 } from '../internals.js'

 import { Observable } from 'lib0/observable.js'
@@ -21,13 +21,12 @@ import * as map from 'lib0/map.js'
 * A Yjs instance handles the state of shared data.
 * @extends Observable<string>
 */
-export class Y extends Observable {
+export class Doc extends Observable {
  /**
   * @param {Object|undefined} conf configuration
   */
  constructor (conf = {}) {
    super()
-    // todo: change to clientId
    this.clientID = random.uint32()
    /**
     * @type {Map<string, AbstractType<YEvent>>}
@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ export class Y extends Observable {
   *   }
   *
   * @param {string} name
-   * @param {Function} TypeConstructor The constructor of the type definition
+   * @param {Function} TypeConstructor The constructor of the type definition. E.g. Y.Text, Y.Array, Y.Map, ...
   * @return {AbstractType<any>} The created type. Constructed with TypeConstructor
   *
   * @public
@@ -95,9 +94,18 @@ export class Y extends Observable {
    const Constr = type.constructor
    if (TypeConstructor !== AbstractType && Constr !== TypeConstructor) {
      if (Constr === AbstractType) {
-        const t = new Constr()
+        // @ts-ignore
+        const t = new TypeConstructor()
        t._map = type._map
+        type._map.forEach(/** @param {AbstractItem?} n */ n => {
+          for (; n !== null; n = n.left) {
+            n.parent = t
+          }
+        })
        t._start = type._start
+        for (let n = t._start; n !== null; n = n.right) {
+          n.parent = t
+        }
        t._length = type._length
        this.share.set(name, t)
        t._integrate(this, null)
--- a/src/utils/ID.js
+++ b/src/utils/ID.js
@@ -22,16 +22,6 @@ export class ID {
     */
    this.clock = clock
  }
-  /**
-   * @deprecated
-   * @todo remove and adapt relative position implementation
-   */
-  toJSON () {
-    return {
-      client: this.client,
-      clock: this.clock
-    }
-  }
 }

 /**
@@ -91,7 +81,7 @@ export const readID = decoder =>
 */
 export const findRootTypeKey = type => {
  // @ts-ignore _y must be defined, otherwise unexpected case
-  for (let [key, value] of type._y.share) {
+  for (let [key, value] of type.doc.share) {
    if (value === type) {
      return key
    }
--- a/src/utils/RelativePosition.js
+++ b/src/utils/RelativePosition.js
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-/**
- * @module Cursors
- */

 import {
  getItem,
@@ -13,7 +10,7 @@ import {
  findRootTypeKey,
  AbstractItem,
  ItemType,
-  ID, StructStore, Y, AbstractType // eslint-disable-line
+  ID, StructStore, Doc, AbstractType // eslint-disable-line
 } from '../internals.js'

 import * as encoding from 'lib0/encoding.js'
@@ -21,29 +18,30 @@ import * as decoding from 'lib0/decoding.js'
 import * as error from 'lib0/error.js'

 /**
- * A Cursor is a relative position that is based on the Yjs model. In contrast to an
- * absolute position (position by index), the Cursor can be
- * recomputed when remote changes are received. For example:
+ * A relative position is based on the Yjs model and is not affected by document changes.
+ * E.g. If you place a relative position before a certain character, it will always point to this character.
+ * If you place a relative position at the end of a type, it will always point to the end of the type.
 *
- * ```Insert(0, 'x')('a|bc') = 'xa|bc'``` Where | is the cursor position.
+ * A numeric position is often unsuited for user selections, because it does not change when content is inserted
+ * before or after.
 *
- * A relative cursor position can be obtained with the function
+ * ```Insert(0, 'x')('a|bc') = 'xa|bc'``` Where | is the relative position.
 *
 * One of the properties must be defined.
 *
 * @example
 *   // Current cursor position is at position 10
- *   const relativePosition = createCursorFromOffset(yText, 10)
+ *   const relativePosition = createRelativePositionFromIndex(yText, 10)
 *   // modify yText
 *   yText.insert(0, 'abc')
 *   yText.delete(3, 10)
 *   // Compute the cursor position
- *   const absolutePosition = toAbsolutePosition(y, relativePosition)
+ *   const absolutePosition = createAbsolutePositionFromRelativePosition(y, relativePosition)
 *   absolutePosition.type === yText // => true
- *   console.log('cursor location is ' + absolutePosition.offset) // => cursor location is 3
+ *   console.log('cursor location is ' + absolutePosition.index) // => cursor location is 3
 *
 */
-export class Cursor {
+export class RelativePosition {
  /**
   * @param {ID|null} type
   * @param {string|null} tname
@@ -63,35 +61,22 @@ export class Cursor {
     */
    this.item = item
  }
-  toJSON () {
-    const json = {}
-    if (this.type !== null) {
-      json.type = this.type.toJSON()
-    }
-    if (this.tname !== null) {
-      json.tname = this.tname
-    }
-    if (this.item !== null) {
-      json.item = this.item.toJSON()
-    }
-    return json
-  }
 }

 /**
 * @param {Object} json
- * @return {Cursor}
+ * @return {RelativePosition}
 *
 * @function
 */
-export const createCursorFromJSON = json => new Cursor(json.type == null ? null : createID(json.type.client, json.type.clock), json.tname || null, json.item == null ? null : createID(json.item.client, json.item.clock))
+export const createRelativePositionFromJSON = json => new RelativePosition(json.type == null ? null : createID(json.type.client, json.type.clock), json.tname || null, json.item == null ? null : createID(json.item.client, json.item.clock))

 export class AbsolutePosition {
  /**
   * @param {AbstractType<any>} type
-   * @param {number} offset
+   * @param {number} index
   */
-  constructor (type, offset) {
+  constructor (type, index) {
    /**
     * @type {AbstractType<any>}
     */
@@ -99,17 +84,17 @@ export class AbsolutePosition {
    /**
     * @type {number}
     */
-    this.offset = offset
+    this.index = index
  }
 }

 /**
 * @param {AbstractType<any>} type
- * @param {number} offset
+ * @param {number} index
 *
 * @function
 */
-export const createAbsolutePosition = (type, offset) => new AbsolutePosition(type, offset)
+export const createAbsolutePosition = (type, index) => new AbsolutePosition(type, index)

 /**
 * @param {AbstractType<any>} type
@@ -117,7 +102,7 @@ export const createAbsolutePosition = (type, offset) => new AbsolutePosition(typ
 *
 * @function
 */
-export const createCursor = (type, item) => {
+export const createRelativePosition = (type, item) => {
  let typeid = null
  let tname = null
  if (type._item === null) {
@@ -125,40 +110,40 @@ export const createCursor = (type, item) => {
  } else {
    typeid = type._item.id
  }
-  return new Cursor(typeid, tname, item)
+  return new RelativePosition(typeid, tname, item)
 }

 /**
 * Create a relativePosition based on a absolute position.
 *
 * @param {AbstractType<any>} type The base type (e.g. YText or YArray).
- * @param {number} offset The absolute position.
- * @return {Cursor}
+ * @param {number} index The absolute position.
+ * @return {RelativePosition}
 *
 * @function
 */
-export const createCursorFromTypeOffset = (type, offset) => {
+export const createRelativePositionFromTypeIndex = (type, index) => {
  let t = type._start
  while (t !== null) {
    if (!t.deleted && t.countable) {
-      if (t.length > offset) {
+      if (t.length > index) {
        // case 1: found position somewhere in the linked list
-        return createCursor(type, createID(t.id.client, t.id.clock + offset))
+        return createRelativePosition(type, createID(t.id.client, t.id.clock + index))
      }
-      offset -= t.length
+      index -= t.length
    }
    t = t.right
  }
-  return createCursor(type, null)
+  return createRelativePosition(type, null)
 }

 /**
 * @param {encoding.Encoder} encoder
- * @param {Cursor} rpos
+ * @param {RelativePosition} rpos
 *
 * @function
 */
-export const writeCursor = (encoder, rpos) => {
+export const writeRelativePosition = (encoder, rpos) => {
  const { type, tname, item } = rpos
  if (item !== null) {
    encoding.writeVarUint(encoder, 0)
@@ -177,15 +162,23 @@ export const writeCursor = (encoder, rpos) => {
  return encoder
 }

+/**
+ * @param {RelativePosition} rpos
+ * @return {Uint8Array}
+ */
+export const encodeRelativePosition = rpos => {
+  const encoder = encoding.createEncoder()
+  writeRelativePosition(encoder, rpos)
+  return encoding.toUint8Array(encoder)
+}
+
 /**
 * @param {decoding.Decoder} decoder
- * @param {Y} y
- * @param {StructStore} store
- * @return {Cursor|null}
+ * @return {RelativePosition|null}
 *
 * @function
 */
-export const readCursor = (decoder, y, store) => {
+export const readRelativePosition = decoder => {
  let type = null
  let tname = null
  let itemID = null
@@ -203,23 +196,29 @@ export const readCursor = (decoder, y, store) => {
      type = readID(decoder)
    }
  }
-  return new Cursor(type, tname, itemID)
+  return new RelativePosition(type, tname, itemID)
 }

 /**
- * @param {Cursor} cursor
- * @param {Y} y
+ * @param {Uint8Array} uint8Array
+ * @return {RelativePosition|null}
+ */
+export const decodeRelativePosition = uint8Array => readRelativePosition(decoding.createDecoder(uint8Array))
+
+/**
+ * @param {RelativePosition} rpos
+ * @param {Doc} doc
 * @return {AbsolutePosition|null}
 *
 * @function
 */
-export const createAbsolutePositionFromCursor = (cursor, y) => {
-  const store = y.store
-  const rightID = cursor.item
-  const typeID = cursor.type
-  const tname = cursor.tname
+export const createAbsolutePositionFromRelativePosition = (rpos, doc) => {
+  const store = doc.store
+  const rightID = rpos.item
+  const typeID = rpos.type
+  const tname = rpos.tname
  let type = null
-  let offset = 0
+  let index = 0
  if (rightID !== null) {
    if (getState(store, rightID.client) <= rightID.clock) {
      return null
@@ -228,18 +227,18 @@ export const createAbsolutePositionFromCursor = (cursor, y) => {
    if (!(right instanceof AbstractItem)) {
      return null
    }
-    offset = right.deleted || !right.countable ? 0 : rightID.clock - right.id.clock
+    index = right.deleted || !right.countable ? 0 : rightID.clock - right.id.clock
    let n = right.left
    while (n !== null) {
      if (!n.deleted && n.countable) {
-        offset += n.length
+        index += n.length
      }
      n = n.left
    }
    type = right.parent
  } else {
    if (tname !== null) {
-      type = y.get(tname)
+      type = doc.get(tname)
    } else if (typeID !== null) {
      if (getState(store, typeID.client) <= typeID.clock) {
        // type does not exist yet
@@ -255,20 +254,20 @@ export const createAbsolutePositionFromCursor = (cursor, y) => {
    } else {
      throw error.unexpectedCase()
    }
-    offset = type._length
+    index = type._length
  }
  if (type._item !== null && type._item.deleted) {
    return null
  }
-  return createAbsolutePosition(type, offset)
+  return createAbsolutePosition(type, index)
 }

 /**
- * @param {Cursor|null} a
- * @param {Cursor|null} b
+ * @param {RelativePosition|null} a
+ * @param {RelativePosition|null} b
 *
 * @function
 */
-export const compareCursors = (a, b) => a === b || (
+export const compareRelativePositions = (a, b) => a === b || (
  a !== null && b !== null && a.tname === b.tname && compareIDs(a.item, b.item) && compareIDs(a.type, b.type)
 )
--- a/src/utils/Snapshot.js
+++ b/src/utils/Snapshot.js
@@ -6,12 +6,10 @@ import {

 export class Snapshot {
  /**
-   * @param {DeleteSet} ds delete store
+   * @param {DeleteSet} ds
   * @param {Map<number,number>} sm state map
-   * @param {Map<number,string>} userMap
-   * @private
   */
-  constructor (ds, sm, userMap) {
+  constructor (ds, sm) {
    /**
     * @type {DeleteSet}
     * @private
@@ -23,14 +21,15 @@ export class Snapshot {
     * @private
     */
    this.sm = sm
-    /**
-     * @type {Map<number,string>}
-     * @private
-     */
-    this.userMap = userMap
  }
 }

+/**
+ * @param {DeleteSet} ds
+ * @param {Map<number,number>} sm
+ */
+export const createSnapshot = (ds, sm) => new Snapshot(ds, sm)
+
 /**
 * @param {AbstractItem} item
 * @param {Snapshot|undefined} snapshot
--- a/src/utils/StructStore.js
+++ b/src/utils/StructStore.js
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ import {

 import * as math from 'lib0/math.js'
 import * as error from 'lib0/error.js'
-import * as encoding from 'lib0/encoding.js'
-import * as decoding from 'lib0/decoding.js'
+import * as decoding from 'lib0/decoding.js' // eslint-disable-line

 export class StructStore {
  constructor () {
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ export class StructStore {
 * @public
 * @function
 */
-export const getStates = store => {
+export const getStateVector = store => {
  const sm = new Map()
  store.clients.forEach((structs, client) => {
    const struct = structs[structs.length - 1]
@@ -262,42 +261,3 @@ export const replaceStruct = (store, struct, newStruct) => {
  const structs = store.clients.get(struct.id.client)
  structs[findIndexSS(structs, struct.id.clock)] = newStruct
 }
-
-/**
- * Read StateMap from Decoder and return as Map
- *
- * @param {decoding.Decoder} decoder
- * @return {Map<number,number>}
- *
- * @private
- * @function
- */
-export const readStatesAsMap = decoder => {
-  const ss = new Map()
-  const ssLength = decoding.readVarUint(decoder)
-  for (let i = 0; i < ssLength; i++) {
-    const client = decoding.readVarUint(decoder)
-    const clock = decoding.readVarUint(decoder)
-    ss.set(client, clock)
-  }
-  return ss
-}
-
-/**
- * Write StateMap to Encoder
- *
- * @param {encoding.Encoder} encoder
- * @param {StructStore} store
- *
- * @private
- * @function
- */
-export const writeStates = (encoder, store) => {
-  encoding.writeVarUint(encoder, store.clients.size)
-  store.clients.forEach((structs, client) => {
-    const id = structs[structs.length - 1].id
-    encoding.writeVarUint(encoder, id.client)
-    encoding.writeVarUint(encoder, id.clock)
-  })
-  return encoder
-}
--- a/src/utils/Transaction.js
+++ b/src/utils/Transaction.js
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ import {
  writeDeleteSet,
  DeleteSet,
  sortAndMergeDeleteSet,
-  getStates,
+  getStateVector,
  findIndexSS,
  callEventHandlerListeners,
  AbstractItem,
-  ID, AbstractType, AbstractStruct, YEvent, Y // eslint-disable-line
+  ID, AbstractType, AbstractStruct, YEvent, Doc // eslint-disable-line
 } from '../internals.js'

 import * as encoding from 'lib0/encoding.js'
@@ -43,15 +43,15 @@ import * as math from 'lib0/math.js'
 */
 export class Transaction {
  /**
-   * @param {Y} y
+   * @param {Doc} doc
   * @param {any} origin
   */
-  constructor (y, origin) {
+  constructor (doc, origin) {
    /**
     * The Yjs instance.
-     * @type {Y}
+     * @type {Doc}
     */
-    this.y = y
+    this.doc = doc
    /**
     * Describes the set of deleted items by ids
     * @type {DeleteSet}
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ export class Transaction {
     * Holds the state before the transaction started.
     * @type {Map<Number,Number>}
     */
-    this.beforeState = getStates(y.store)
+    this.beforeState = getStateVector(doc.store)
    /**
     * Holds the state after the transaction.
     * @type {Map<Number,Number>}
@@ -80,11 +80,6 @@ export class Transaction {
     * @type {Map<AbstractType<YEvent>,Array<YEvent>>}
     */
    this.changedParentTypes = new Map()
-    /**
-     * @type {encoding.Encoder|null}
-     * @private
-     */
-    this._updateMessage = null
    /**
     * @type {Set<ID>}
     * @private
@@ -95,21 +90,20 @@ export class Transaction {
     */
    this.origin = origin
  }
-  /**
-   * @type {encoding.Encoder|null}
-   * @public
-   */
-  get updateMessage () {
-    // only create if content was added in transaction (state or ds changed)
-    if (this._updateMessage === null && (this.deleteSet.clients.size > 0 || map.any(this.afterState, (clock, client) => this.beforeState.get(client) !== clock))) {
-      const encoder = encoding.createEncoder()
-      sortAndMergeDeleteSet(this.deleteSet)
-      writeStructsFromTransaction(encoder, this)
-      writeDeleteSet(encoder, this.deleteSet)
-      this._updateMessage = encoder
-    }
-    return this._updateMessage
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {Transaction} transaction
+ */
+export const computeUpdateMessageFromTransaction = transaction => {
+  if (transaction.deleteSet.clients.size === 0 && !map.any(transaction.afterState, (clock, client) => transaction.beforeState.get(client) !== clock)) {
+    return null
  }
+  const encoder = encoding.createEncoder()
+  sortAndMergeDeleteSet(transaction.deleteSet)
+  writeStructsFromTransaction(encoder, transaction)
+  writeDeleteSet(encoder, transaction.deleteSet)
+  return encoder
 }

 /**
@@ -119,45 +113,44 @@ export class Transaction {
 * @function
 */
 export const nextID = transaction => {
-  const y = transaction.y
+  const y = transaction.doc
  return createID(y.clientID, getState(y.store, y.clientID))
 }

 /**
 * Implements the functionality of `y.transact(()=>{..})`
 *
- * @param {Y} y
+ * @param {Doc} doc
 * @param {function(Transaction):void} f
 * @param {any} [origin]
 *
 * @private
 * @function
 */
-export const transact = (y, f, origin = null) => {
-  const transactionCleanups = y._transactionCleanups
+export const transact = (doc, f, origin = null) => {
+  const transactionCleanups = doc._transactionCleanups
  let initialCall = false
-  if (y._transaction === null) {
+  if (doc._transaction === null) {
    initialCall = true
-    y._transaction = new Transaction(y, origin)
-    transactionCleanups.push(y._transaction)
-    y.emit('beforeTransaction', [y._transaction, y])
+    doc._transaction = new Transaction(doc, origin)
+    transactionCleanups.push(doc._transaction)
+    doc.emit('beforeTransaction', [doc._transaction, doc])
  }
  try {
-    f(y._transaction)
+    f(doc._transaction)
  } finally {
-    // @todo set after state here
-    if (initialCall && transactionCleanups[0] === y._transaction) {
+    if (initialCall && transactionCleanups[0] === doc._transaction) {
      // The first transaction ended, now process observer calls.
      // Observer call may create new transactions for which we need to call the observers and do cleanup.
      // We don't want to nest these calls, so we execute these calls one after another
      for (let i = 0; i < transactionCleanups.length; i++) {
        const transaction = transactionCleanups[i]
-        const store = transaction.y.store
+        const store = transaction.doc.store
        const ds = transaction.deleteSet
        sortAndMergeDeleteSet(ds)
-        transaction.afterState = getStates(transaction.y.store)
-        y._transaction = null
-        y.emit('beforeObserverCalls', [transaction, y])
+        transaction.afterState = getStateVector(transaction.doc.store)
+        doc._transaction = null
+        doc.emit('beforeObserverCalls', [transaction, doc])
        // emit change events on changed types
        transaction.changed.forEach((subs, itemtype) => {
          itemtype._callObserver(transaction, subs)
@@ -175,27 +168,7 @@ export const transact = (y, f, origin = null) => {
          // because we know it has at least one element
          callEventHandlerListeners(type._dEH, events, transaction)
        })
-        y.emit('afterTransaction', [transaction, y])
-        // replace deleted items with ItemDeleted / GC
-        for (const [client, deleteItems] of ds.clients) {
-          /**
-           * @type {Array<AbstractStruct>}
-           */
-          // @ts-ignore
-          const structs = store.clients.get(client)
-          for (let di = 0; di < deleteItems.length; di++) {
-            const deleteItem = deleteItems[di]
-            for (let si = findIndexSS(structs, deleteItem.clock); si < structs.length; si++) {
-              const struct = structs[si]
-              if (deleteItem.clock + deleteItem.len <= struct.id.clock) {
-                break
-              }
-              if (struct.deleted && struct instanceof AbstractItem) {
-                struct.gc(transaction, store, false)
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
+        doc.emit('afterTransaction', [transaction, doc])
        /**
         * @param {Array<AbstractStruct>} structs
         * @param {number} pos
@@ -213,6 +186,53 @@ export const transact = (y, f, origin = null) => {
            }
          }
        }
+        // replace deleted items with ItemDeleted / GC
+        for (const [client, deleteItems] of ds.clients) {
+          /**
+           * @type {Array<AbstractStruct>}
+           */
+          // @ts-ignore
+          const structs = store.clients.get(client)
+          for (let di = deleteItems.length - 1; di >= 0; di--) {
+            const deleteItem = deleteItems[di]
+            const endDeleteItemClock = deleteItem.clock + deleteItem.len
+            for (
+              let si = findIndexSS(structs, deleteItem.clock), struct = structs[si];
+              si < structs.length && struct.id.clock < endDeleteItemClock;
+              struct = structs[++si]
+            ) {
+              const struct = structs[si]
+              if (deleteItem.clock + deleteItem.len <= struct.id.clock) {
+                break
+              }
+              if (struct.deleted && struct instanceof AbstractItem) {
+                struct.gc(store, false)
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        // try to merge deleted / gc'd items
+        // merge from right to left for better efficiecy and so we don't miss any merge targets
+        for (const [client, deleteItems] of ds.clients) {
+          /**
+           * @type {Array<AbstractStruct>}
+           */
+          // @ts-ignore
+          const structs = store.clients.get(client)
+          for (let di = deleteItems.length - 1; di >= 0; di--) {
+            const deleteItem = deleteItems[di]
+            // start with merging the item next to the last deleted item
+            const mostRightIndexToCheck = math.min(structs.length - 1, 1 + findIndexSS(structs, deleteItem.clock + deleteItem.len - 1))
+            for (
+              let si = mostRightIndexToCheck, struct = structs[si];
+              si > 0 && struct.id.clock >= deleteItem.clock;
+              struct = structs[--si]
+            ) {
+              tryToMergeWithLeft(structs, si)
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
        // on all affected store.clients props, try to merge
        for (const [client, clock] of transaction.afterState) {
          const beforeClock = transaction.beforeState.get(client) || 0
@@ -230,6 +250,8 @@ export const transact = (y, f, origin = null) => {
          }
        }
        // try to merge mergeStructs
+        // @todo: it makes more sense to transform mergeStructs to a DS, sort it, and merge from right to left
+        //        but at the moment DS does not handle duplicates
        for (const mid of transaction._mergeStructs) {
          const client = mid.client
          const clock = mid.clock
@@ -247,10 +269,15 @@ export const transact = (y, f, origin = null) => {
          }
        }
        // @todo Merge all the transactions into one and provide send the data as a single update message
-        // @todo implement a dedicatet event that we can use to send updates to other peer
-        y.emit('afterTransactionCleanup', [transaction, y])
+        doc.emit('afterTransactionCleanup', [transaction, doc])
+        if (doc._observers.has('update')) {
+          const updateMessage = computeUpdateMessageFromTransaction(transaction)
+          if (updateMessage !== null) {
+            doc.emit('update', [encoding.toUint8Array(updateMessage), transaction.origin, doc])
+          }
+        }
      }
-      y._transactionCleanups = []
+      doc._transactionCleanups = []
    }
  }
 }
--- a/src/utils/UndoManager.js
+++ b/src/utils/UndoManager.js
@@ -116,10 +116,10 @@ export class UndoManager {
    this._undoing = false
    this._redoing = false
    this._lastTransactionWasUndo = false
-    const y = scope._y
-    this.y = y
+    const doc = scope.doc
+    this.y = doc
    let bindingInfos
-    y.on('beforeTransaction', (y, transaction, remote) => {
+    doc.on('beforeTransaction', (y, transaction, remote) => {
      if (!remote) {
        // Store binding information before transaction is executed
        // By restoring the binding information, we can make sure that the state
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ export class UndoManager {
        })
      }
    })
-    y.on('afterTransaction', (y, transaction, remote) => {
+    doc.on('afterTransaction', (y, transaction, remote) => {
      if (!remote && transaction.changedParentTypes.has(scope)) {
        let reverseOperation = new ReverseOperation(y, transaction, bindingInfos)
        if (!this._undoing) {
@@ -200,3 +200,4 @@ export class UndoManager {
    return performedRedo
  }
 }
+}
--- a/src/utils/encoding.js
+++ b/src/utils/encoding.js
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ import {
  createID,
  readID,
  getState,
-  getStates,
+  getStateVector,
  readDeleteSet,
  writeDeleteSet,
  createDeleteSetFromStructStore,
-  Transaction, AbstractStruct, AbstractStructRef, StructStore, ID // eslint-disable-line
+  Doc, Transaction, AbstractStruct, AbstractStructRef, StructStore, ID // eslint-disable-line
 } from '../internals.js'

 import * as encoding from 'lib0/encoding.js'
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ export const writeClientsStructs = (encoder, store, _sm) => {
      sm.set(client, clock)
    }
  })
-  getStates(store).forEach((clock, client) => {
+  getStateVector(store).forEach((clock, client) => {
    if (!_sm.has(client)) {
      sm.set(client, 0)
    }
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ const resumeStructIntegration = (transaction, store) => {
          structRefs.refs[structRefs.i] = ref
          stack[stack.length - 1] = r
          // sort the set because this approach might bring the list out of order
-          structRefs.refs = structRefs.refs.slice(structRefs.i).sort((r1, r2) => r1.id.client - r2.id.client)
+          structRefs.refs = structRefs.refs.slice(structRefs.i).sort((r1, r2) => r1.id.clock - r2.id.clock)
          structRefs.i = 0
          continue
        }
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ export const tryResumePendingDeleteReaders = (transaction, store) => {
 * @private
 * @function
 */
-export const writeStructsFromTransaction = (encoder, transaction) => writeClientsStructs(encoder, transaction.y.store, transaction.beforeState)
+export const writeStructsFromTransaction = (encoder, transaction) => writeClientsStructs(encoder, transaction.doc.store, transaction.beforeState)

 /**
 * @param {StructStore} store
@@ -297,25 +297,128 @@ export const readStructs = (decoder, transaction, store) => {
 }

 /**
+ * Read and apply a document update.
+ *
+ * This function has the same effect as `applyUpdate` but accepts an decoder.
+ *
 * @param {decoding.Decoder} decoder
- * @param {Transaction} transaction
- * @param {StructStore} store
+ * @param {Doc} ydoc
+ * @param {any} [transactionOrigin] This will be stored on `transaction.origin` and `.on('update', (update, origin))`
 *
 * @function
 */
-export const readModel = (decoder, transaction, store) => {
-  readStructs(decoder, transaction, store)
-  readDeleteSet(decoder, transaction, store)
+export const readUpdate = (decoder, ydoc, transactionOrigin) =>
+  ydoc.transact(transaction => {
+    readStructs(decoder, transaction, ydoc.store)
+    readDeleteSet(decoder, transaction, ydoc.store)
+  }, transactionOrigin)
+
+/**
+ * Apply a document update created by, for example, `y.on('update', update => ..)` or `update = encodeStateAsUpdate()`.
+ *
+ * This function has the same effect as `readUpdate` but accepts an Uint8Array instead of a Decoder.
+ *
+ * @param {Doc} ydoc
+ * @param {Uint8Array} update
+ * @param {any} [transactionOrigin] This will be stored on `transaction.origin` and `.on('update', (update, origin))`
+ *
+ * @function
+ */
+export const applyUpdate = (ydoc, update, transactionOrigin) =>
+  readUpdate(decoding.createDecoder(update), ydoc, transactionOrigin)
+
+/**
+ * Write all the document as a single update message. If you specify the state of the remote client (`targetStateVector`) it will
+ * only write the operations that are missing.
+ *
+ * @param {encoding.Encoder} encoder
+ * @param {Doc} doc
+ * @param {Map<number,number>} [targetStateVector] The state of the target that receives the update. Leave empty to write all known structs
+ *
+ * @function
+ */
+export const writeStateAsUpdate = (encoder, doc, targetStateVector = new Map()) => {
+  writeClientsStructs(encoder, doc.store, targetStateVector)
+  writeDeleteSet(encoder, createDeleteSetFromStructStore(doc.store))
 }

 /**
- * @param {encoding.Encoder} encoder
- * @param {StructStore} store
- * @param {Map<number,number>} [targetState] The state of the target that receives the update. Leave empty to write all known structs
+ * Write all the document as a single update message that can be applied on the remote document. If you specify the state of the remote client (`targetState`) it will
+ * only write the operations that are missing.
+ *
+ * Use `writeStateAsUpdate` instead if you are working with lib0/encoding.js#Encoder
+ *
+ * @param {Doc} doc
+ * @param {Uint8Array} [encodedTargetStateVector] The state of the target that receives the update. Leave empty to write all known structs
+ * @return {Uint8Array}
 *
 * @function
 */
-export const writeModel = (encoder, store, targetState = new Map()) => {
-  writeClientsStructs(encoder, store, targetState)
-  writeDeleteSet(encoder, createDeleteSetFromStructStore(store))
+export const encodeStateAsUpdate = (doc, encodedTargetStateVector) => {
+  const encoder = encoding.createEncoder()
+  const targetStateVector = encodedTargetStateVector == null ? new Map() : decodeStateVector(encodedTargetStateVector)
+  writeStateAsUpdate(encoder, doc, targetStateVector)
+  return encoding.toUint8Array(encoder)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Read state vector from Decoder and return as Map
+ *
+ * @param {decoding.Decoder} decoder
+ * @return {Map<number,number>} Maps `client` to the number next expected `clock` from that client.
+ *
+ * @function
+ */
+export const readStateVector = decoder => {
+  const ss = new Map()
+  const ssLength = decoding.readVarUint(decoder)
+  for (let i = 0; i < ssLength; i++) {
+    const client = decoding.readVarUint(decoder)
+    const clock = decoding.readVarUint(decoder)
+    ss.set(client, clock)
+  }
+  return ss
+}
+
+/**
+ * Read decodedState and return State as Map.
+ *
+ * @param {Uint8Array} decodedState
+ * @return {Map<number,number>} Maps `client` to the number next expected `clock` from that client.
+ *
+ * @function
+ */
+export const decodeStateVector = decodedState => readStateVector(decoding.createDecoder(decodedState))
+
+/**
+ * Write State Vector to `lib0/encoding.js#Encoder`.
+ *
+ * @param {encoding.Encoder} encoder
+ * @param {Doc} doc
+ *
+ * @function
+ */
+export const writeDocumentStateVector = (encoder, doc) => {
+  encoding.writeVarUint(encoder, doc.store.clients.size)
+  doc.store.clients.forEach((structs, client) => {
+    const struct = structs[structs.length - 1]
+    const id = struct.id
+    encoding.writeVarUint(encoder, id.client)
+    encoding.writeVarUint(encoder, id.clock + struct.length)
+  })
+  return encoder
+}
+
+/**
+ * Encode State as Uint8Array.
+ *
+ * @param {Doc} doc
+ * @return {Uint8Array}
+ *
+ * @function
+ */
+export const encodeStateVector = doc => {
+  const encoder = encoding.createEncoder()
+  writeDocumentStateVector(encoder, doc)
+  return encoding.toUint8Array(encoder)
 }
--- a/tests/testHelper.js
+++ b/tests/testHelper.js
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ import * as Y from '../src/index.js'

 import {
  createDeleteSetFromStructStore,
-  getStates,
+  getStateVector,
  AbstractItem,
-  DeleteSet, StructStore // eslint-disable-line
+  DeleteSet, StructStore, Doc // eslint-disable-line
 } from '../src/internals.js'

 import * as t from 'lib0/testing.js'
@@ -13,24 +13,9 @@ import * as encoding from 'lib0/encoding.js'
 import * as decoding from 'lib0/decoding.js'
 import * as syncProtocol from 'y-protocols/sync.js'

-/**
- * @param {Y.Transaction} transaction
- * @param {TestYInstance} y
- */
-const afterTransaction = (transaction, y) => {
-  if (transaction.origin !== y.tc) {
-    const m = transaction.updateMessage
-    if (m !== null) {
-      const encoder = encoding.createEncoder()
-      syncProtocol.writeUpdate(encoder, m)
-      broadcastMessage(y, encoding.toBuffer(encoder))
-    }
-  }
-}
-
 /**
 * @param {TestYInstance} y // publish message created by `y` to all other online clients
- * @param {ArrayBuffer} m
+ * @param {Uint8Array} m
 */
 const broadcastMessage = (y, m) => {
  if (y.tc.onlineConns.has(y)) {
@@ -42,7 +27,7 @@ const broadcastMessage = (y, m) => {
  }
 }

-export class TestYInstance extends Y.Y {
+export class TestYInstance extends Doc {
  /**
   * @param {TestConnector} testConnector
   * @param {number} clientID
@@ -55,12 +40,18 @@ export class TestYInstance extends Y.Y {
     */
    this.tc = testConnector
    /**
-     * @type {Map<TestYInstance, Array<ArrayBuffer>>}
+     * @type {Map<TestYInstance, Array<Uint8Array>>}
     */
    this.receiving = new Map()
    testConnector.allConns.add(this)
    // set up observe on local model
-    this.on('afterTransactionCleanup', afterTransaction)
+    this.on('update', /** @param {Uint8Array} update @param {any} origin */ (update, origin) => {
+      if (origin !== testConnector) {
+        const encoder = encoding.createEncoder()
+        syncProtocol.writeUpdate(encoder, update)
+        broadcastMessage(this, encoding.toUint8Array(encoder))
+      }
+    })
    this.connect()
  }
  /**
@@ -78,15 +69,15 @@ export class TestYInstance extends Y.Y {
    if (!this.tc.onlineConns.has(this)) {
      this.tc.onlineConns.add(this)
      const encoder = encoding.createEncoder()
-      syncProtocol.writeSyncStep1(encoder, this.store)
+      syncProtocol.writeSyncStep1(encoder, this)
      // publish SyncStep1
-      broadcastMessage(this, encoding.toBuffer(encoder))
+      broadcastMessage(this, encoding.toUint8Array(encoder))
      this.tc.onlineConns.forEach(remoteYInstance => {
        if (remoteYInstance !== this) {
          // remote instance sends instance to this instance
          const encoder = encoding.createEncoder()
-          syncProtocol.writeSyncStep1(encoder, remoteYInstance.store)
-          this._receive(encoding.toBuffer(encoder), remoteYInstance)
+          syncProtocol.writeSyncStep1(encoder, remoteYInstance)
+          this._receive(encoding.toUint8Array(encoder), remoteYInstance)
        }
      })
    }
@@ -95,7 +86,7 @@ export class TestYInstance extends Y.Y {
   * Receive a message from another client. This message is only appended to the list of receiving messages.
   * TestConnector decides when this client actually reads this message.
   *
-   * @param {ArrayBuffer} message
+   * @param {Uint8Array} message
   * @param {TestYInstance} remoteClient
   */
  _receive (message, remoteClient) {
@@ -164,7 +155,7 @@ export class TestConnector {
      syncProtocol.readSyncMessage(decoding.createDecoder(m), encoder, receiver, receiver.tc)
      if (encoding.length(encoder) > 0) {
        // send reply message
-        sender._receive(encoding.toBuffer(encoder), receiver)
+        sender._receive(encoding.toUint8Array(encoder), receiver)
      }
      return true
    }
@@ -282,7 +273,7 @@ export const compare = users => {
    // @ts-ignore
    t.compare(userTextValues[i].map(a => a.insert).join('').length, users[i].getText('text').length)
    t.compare(userTextValues[i], userTextValues[i + 1])
-    t.compare(getStates(users[i].store), getStates(users[i + 1].store))
+    t.compare(getStateVector(users[i].store), getStateVector(users[i + 1].store))
    compareDS(createDeleteSetFromStructStore(users[i].store), createDeleteSetFromStructStore(users[i + 1].store))
    compareStructStores(users[i].store, users[i + 1].store)
  }
@@ -369,7 +360,7 @@ export const compareDS = (ds1, ds2) => {
 /**
 * @template T
 * @param {t.TestCase} tc
- * @param {Array<function(TestYInstance,prng.PRNG,T):void>} mods
+ * @param {Array<function(Y.Doc,prng.PRNG,T):void>} mods
 * @param {number} iterations
 * @param {InitTestObjectCallback<T>} [initTestObject]
 */
--- a/tests/y-array.tests.js
+++ b/tests/y-array.tests.js
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ export const testEventTargetIsSetCorrectlyOnRemote = tc => {
 * @param {t.TestCase} tc
 */
 export const testIteratingArrayContainingTypes = tc => {
-  const y = new Y.Y()
+  const y = new Y.Doc()
  const arr = y.getArray('arr')
  const numItems = 10
  for (let i = 0; i < numItems; i++) {
--- a/tests/y-text.tests.js
+++ b/tests/y-text.tests.js
@@ -27,6 +27,13 @@ export const testBasicInsertAndDelete = tc => {
  text0.delete(1, 1)
  t.assert(text0.toString() === 'b', 'Basic delete works (position 1)')
  t.compare(delta, [{ retain: 1 }, { delete: 1 }])
+
+  users[0].transact(() => {
+    text0.insert(0, '1')
+    text0.delete(0, 1)
+  })
+  t.compare(delta, [])
+
  compare(users)
 }

--- a/tsconfig.json
+++ b/tsconfig.json
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
    /* Experimental Options */
    // "experimentalDecorators": true,        /* Enables experimental support for ES7 decorators. */
    // "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,         /* Enables experimental support for emitting type metadata for decorators. */
-    "maxNodeModuleJsDepth": 0,
+    "maxNodeModuleJsDepth": 5,
    // "types": ["./src/utils/typedefs.js"]
  },
  "include": ["./src/**/*", "./tests/**/*"],
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Kevin Jahns	d6593412a2	13.0.0-84	2019-05-19 21:49:36 +02:00
Kevin Jahns	d31bf36531	use generated esm module by default	2019-05-19 21:48:09 +02:00
Kevin Jahns	a485f550db	13.0.0-83	2019-05-19 20:59:56 +02:00
Kevin Jahns	0610b16227	bump lib0 for webpack compatibility	2019-05-19 20:43:18 +02:00
Kevin Jahns	72e470c5f0	Fix ytext event.delta - items that are synced and deleted When items are added and deleted in the same transaction, event.delta would recognize them as added (though they are actually deleted). Now it just ignores them.	2019-05-19 20:42:53 +02:00
Kevin Jahns	4d12a02e2f	fix offset in state vector	2019-05-16 12:31:53 +02:00
Kevin Jahns	4a7d6f0a2d	fix sorting bug that only affects older node versions (probably because old sorting algorithms are not stable)	2019-05-14 15:21:34 +02:00
Kevin Jahns	c80f446b5f	README: update provider tutorial	2019-05-12 11:18:43 +02:00
Kevin Jahns	81a529d8dc	update getting started yjs version	2019-05-07 15:43:09 +02:00
Kevin Jahns	4f0ab78914	13.0.0-82	2019-05-07 13:54:00 +02:00
Kevin Jahns	8c36f67f0b	rework and document api	2019-05-07 13:44:23 +02:00
Kevin Jahns	77687d94e6	13.0.0-81	2019-04-28 17:32:05 +02:00
Kevin Jahns	4644511303	bump y-protocols dependency	2019-04-28 17:30:52 +02:00
Kevin Jahns	20005eecdb	Merge deleted items more efficiently. Previously deleted items were simply added to transaction._mergeStructs. But this inherently inefficient as it will splice the struct store for every item. Now Yjs iterates over transaction.ds and tries to merge structs. It iterates from right to left so merging should be more efficient that before. But more work needs to be done. For example we could set structs[i] = null and filter the structs after merging is done.	2019-04-28 17:20:35 +02:00
Kevin Jahns	c9dda245bf	v13 api docs	2019-04-28 02:53:25 +02:00
Kevin Jahns	1417470156	update demos link	2019-04-27 03:44:48 +02:00
Kevin Jahns	584e5dfd40	Link to v13 docs from README	2019-04-27 03:35:44 +02:00