v13.0.0-30 -- distribution files

2017-11-12 13:37:48 -08:00
159 changed files with 36818 additions and 14774 deletions
--- a/.babelrc
+++ b/.babelrc
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "presets": [
+    ["latest", {
+      "es2015": {
+        "modules": false
+      }
+    }]
+  ],
+  "plugins": [
+    "external-helpers"
+  ]
+}
--- a/.flowconfig
+++ b/.flowconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[ignore]
+.*/node_modules/.*
+.*/dist/.*
+.*/build/.*
+
+[include]
+./src/
+./tests-lib/
+./test/
+
+[libs]
+./declarations/
+
+[options]
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 node_modules
-dist
-.vscode
-docs
+bower_components
+/y.*
+/examples/yjs-dist.js*
--- a/.jsdoc.json
+++ b/.jsdoc.json
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "sourceType": "module",
-  "tags": {
-    "allowUnknownTags": true,
-    "dictionaries": ["jsdoc"]
-  },
-  "source": {
-    "include": ["./src"],
-    "includePattern": ".js$"
-  },
-  "plugins": [
-    "plugins/markdown"
-  ],
-  "templates": {
-    "referenceTitle": "Yjs",
-    "disableSort": false,
-    "useCollapsibles": true,
-    "collapse": true,
-    "resources": {
-      "y-js.org": "yjs.website"
-    },
-    "logo": {
-      "url": "https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/5553757/48975307-61efb100-f06d-11e8-9177-ee895e5916e5.png",
-      "width": "162px",
-      "height": "162px",
-      "link": "/"
-    },
-    "tabNames": {
-      "api": "API",
-      "tutorials": "Examples"
-    },
-    "footerText": "Shared Editing",
-    "css": [
-      "./style.css"
-    ],
-    "default": {
-      "staticFiles": {
-          "include": ["examples/"]
-      }
-    }
-  },
-  "opts": {
-    "destination": "./docs/",
-    "encoding": "utf8",
-    "private": false,
-    "recurse": true,
-    "template": "./node_modules/tui-jsdoc-template",
-    "tutorials": "./examples"
-  }
-}
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@

-# ![Yjs](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/5553757/48975307-61efb100-f06d-11e8-9177-ee895e5916e5.png)
+# ![Yjs](http://y-js.org/images/yjs.png)

 Yjs is a framework for offline-first p2p shared editing on structured data like
 text, richtext, json, or XML. It is fairly easy to get started, as Yjs hides
@@ -64,18 +64,6 @@ missing modules.
 <script src="./bower_components/yjs/y.js"></script>
 ```

-### CDN
-```
-<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/yjs@12/dist/y.js"></script>
-<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/y-array@10/dist/y-array.js"></script>
-<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/y-websockets-client@8/dist/y-websockets-client.js"></script>
-<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/y-memory@8/dist/y-memory.js"></script>
-<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/y-map@10/dist/y-map.js"></script>
-<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/y-text@9/dist/y-text.js"></script>
-// ..
-// do the same for all modules you want to use
-```
-
 ### Npm
 ```
 npm install --save yjs % add all y-* modules you want to use
@@ -88,6 +76,7 @@ var Y = require('yjs')
 require('y-array')(Y) // add the y-array type to Yjs
 require('y-websockets-client')(Y)
 require('y-memory')(Y)
+require('y-array')(Y)
 require('y-map')(Y)
 require('y-text')(Y)
 // ..
@@ -100,6 +89,7 @@ import Y from 'yjs'
 import yArray from 'y-array'
 import yWebsocketsClient from 'y-webrtc'
 import yMemory from 'y-memory'
+import yArray from 'y-array'
 import yMap from 'y-map'
 import yText from 'y-text'
 // ..
@@ -131,7 +121,7 @@ Here is a simple example of a shared textarea
            // name: 'xmpp'
            room: 'my-room' // clients connecting to the same room share data
          },
-          sourceDir: './bower_components', // location of the y-* modules (browser only)
+          sourceDir: '/bower_components', // location of the y-* modules (browser only)
          share: {
            textarea: 'Text' // y.share.textarea is of type y-text
          }
@@ -248,7 +238,7 @@ The promise returns an instance of Y. We denote it with a lower case `y`.
  * y-websockets-client aways waits to sync with the server
 * y.connector.disconnect()
  * Force to disconnect this instance from the other instances
-* y.connector.connect()
+* y.connector.reconnect()
  * Try to reconnect to the other instances (needs to be supported by the
    connector)
  * Not supported by y-xmpp
--- a/README.v13.md
+++ b/README.v13.md
@@ -1,370 +0,0 @@
-# ![Yjs](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/5553757/48975307-61efb100-f06d-11e8-9177-ee895e5916e5.png)
-> The shared editing library
-
-Yjs is a library for automatic conflict resolution on shared state. It implements an operation-based CRDT and exposes its internal CRDT model as shared types. Shared types are common data types like `Map` or `Array` with superpowers - changes are automatically distributed to other peers and merged without merge conflicts.
-
-Yjs is **network agnostic** (p2p!), supports many existing **rich text editors**, **offline editing**, **version snapshots**, **shared cursors**, and encodes update messages using **binary protocol encoding**. 
-
-* Chat: [https://gitter.im/y-js/yjs](https://gitter.im/y-js/yjs)
-* Demos: [https://yjs.website/tutorial-prosemirror.html](https://yjs.website/tutorial-prosemirror.html)
-* API Docs: [https://yjs.website/](https://yjs.website/)
-
-### Supported Editors:
-
-| Name &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Cursors | Binding |  Demo |
-|---|:-:|---|---|
-| [ProseMirror](https://prosemirror.net/) | ✔ | [y-prosemirror](http://github.com/y-js/y-prosemirror) | [link](https://yjs.website/tutorial-prosemirror.html) |
-| [Quill](https://quilljs.com/) |  | [y-quill](http://github.com/y-js/y-quill) | [link](https://yjs.website/tutorial-quill.html) |
-| [CodeMirror](https://codemirror.net/) | ✔ | [y-codemirror](http://github.com/y-js/y-codemirror) | [link](https://yjs.website/tutorial-codemirror.html) |
-| [Ace](https://ace.c9.io/) | | [y-ace](http://github.com/y-js/y-ace) | [link]() |
-| [Monaco](https://microsoft.github.io/monaco-editor/) | | [y-monaco](http://github.com/y-js/y-monaco) | [link]() |
-
-### Providers
-
-Setting up the communication between clients, managing awareness information, and storing shared data for offline usage is quite a hassle. *Providers* manage all that for you and are a good off-the-shelf solution
-
-* [y-websockets](http://github.com/y-js/y-websockets)
-* [y-webrtc](http://github.com/y-js/y-webrtc)
-* [y-dat](http://github.com/y-js/y-dat)
-
-
-### Shared Types
-
-# Table of Contents
-
-* [Getting Started](#Getting-Started)
-  * [Tutorial](#Short-Tutorial)
-* [Providers](#Providers)
-  * [Websocket](#Websocket)
-  * [Ydb](#Ydb)
-  * [Create a Custom Provider](#Create-a-Custom-Provider)
-* [Shared Types](#Shared-Types)
-  * [YArray](#Yarray)
-  * [YMap](#YMap)
-  * [YText](#YText)
-  * [YXmlFragment and YXmlElement](#YXmlFragment-and-YXmlElement)
-  * [Create a Custom Type](#Create-a-Custom-Type)
-* [Bindings](#Bindings)
-  * [PromeMirror](#ProseMirror)
-  * [Quill](#Quill)
-  * [CodeMirror](#CodeMirror)
-  * [Ace](#Ace)
-  * [Monaco](#Monace)
-  * [DOM](#DOM)
-  * [Textarea](#Textarea)
-  * [Create a Custom Binding](#Create-a-Custom-Binding)
-* [Transaction](#Transaction)
-* [Offline Editing](#Offline-Editing)
-* [Awareness](#Awareness)
-* [Working with Yjs](#Working-with-Yjs)
-  * [Typescript Declarations](#Typescript-Declarations)
-* [Binary Protocols](#Binary-Protocols)
-  * [Sync Protocol](#Sync-Protocols)
-  * [Awareness Protocol](#Awareness-Protocols)
-  * [Auth Protocol](#Auth-Protocol)
-* [Yjs CRDT Algorithm](#Yjs-CRDT-Algorithm)
-* [Evaluation](#Evaluation)
-  * [Existing shared editing libraries](#Exisisting-Javascript-Products)
-  * [CRDT Algorithms](#CRDT-Algorithms)
-  * [Comparison of CRDT with OT](#Comparing-CRDT-with-OT)
-  * [Comparison of CRDT Algorithms](#Comparing-CRDT-Algorithms)
-  * [Comparison of Yjs with other Implementations](#Comparing-Yjs-with-other-Implementations)
-* [License and Author](#License-and-Author)
-
-## Getting Started
-
-Yjs does not hava any dependencies. Install this package with your favorite package manager, or just copy the files into your project.
-
-```sh
-npm i yjs
-```
-
-##### Quickstart
-
-Yjs itself only knows how to do conflict resolution. You need to choose a provider, that handles how document updates are distributed over the network.
-
-We will start by running a websocket server (part of the [websocket provider](#Websocket-Provider)):
-
-```sh
-PORT=1234 node ./node_modules/yjs/provider/websocket/server.js
-```
-
-The following client-side code connects to the websocket server and opens a shared document.
-
-```js
-import * as Y from 'yjs'
-import { WebsocketProvider } from 'yjs/provider/websocket.js'
-
-const provider = new WebsocketProvider('http://localhost:1234')
-const sharedDocument = provider.get('my-favourites')
-```
-
-All content created in a shared document is shared among all peers that request the same document. Now we define types on the shared document:
-
-```js
-sharedDocument.define('movie-ratings', Y.Map)
-sharedDocument.define('favourite-food', Y.Array)
-```
-
-All clients that define `'movie-ratings'` as `Y.Map` on the shared document named `'my-favourites'` have access to the same shared type. Example:
-
-**Client 1:**
-
-```js
-sharedDocument.define('movie-ratings', Y.Map)
-sharedDocument.define('favourite-food', Y.Array)
-
-const movies = sharedDocument.get('movie-ratings')
-const food = sharedDocument.get('fovourite-food')
-
-movies.set('deadpool', 10)
-food.insert(0, ['burger'])
-```
-
-**Client 2:**
-
-```js
-sharedDocument.define('movie-ratings', Y.Map)
-sharedDocument.define('favourite-food', Y.Map) // <- note that this definition differs from client1
-
-const movies = sharedDocument.get('movie-ratings')
-const food = sharedDocument.get('fovourite-food')
-
-movies.set('yt rewind', -10)
-food.set('pancake', 10)
-
-// after some time, when client1 and client2 synced, the movie list will be merged:
-movies.toJSON() // => { 'deadpool': 10, 'yt rewind': -10 }
-
-// But since client1 and client2 defined the types differently,
-// they do not have access to each others food list.
-food.toJSON() // => { pancake: 10 }
-```
-
-Now you understand how types are defined on a shared document. Next you can jump to one of the [tutorials on our website](https://yjs.website/tutorial-prosemirror.html) or continue reading about [Providers](#Providers), [Shared Types](#Shared-Types), and [Bindings](#Bindings).
-
-## API
-
-## Providers
-
-In Yjs, a provider handles the communication channel to *authenticate*, *authorize*, and *exchange document updates*. Yjs ships with some existing providers. 
-
-### Websocket Provider
-
-The websocket provider implements a classical client server model. Clients connect to a single endpoint over websocket. The server distributes awareness information and document updates among clients.
-
-The Websocket Provider is a solid choice if you want a central source that handles authentication and authorization. Websockets also send header information and cookies, so you can use existing authentication mechanisms with this server. I recommend that you slightly adapt the server in `./provider/websocket/server.js` to your needs.
-
-* Supports cross-tab communication. When you open the same document in the same browser, changes on the document are exchanged via cross-tab communication ([Broadcast Channel](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Broadcast_Channel_API) and [localStorage](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/localStorage) as fallback).
-* Supports exange of awareness information (e.g. cursors)
-
-##### Start a Websocket Server:
-
-```sh
-PORT=1234 node ./node_modules/yjs/provider/websocket/server.js
-```
-
-**Websocket Server with Persistence**
-
-Persist document updates in a LevelDB database.
-
-See [LevelDB Persistence](#LevelDB Persistence) for more info.
-
-```sh
-PORT=1234 YPERSISTENCE=./dbDir node ./node_modules/yjs/provider/websocket/server.js
-```
-
-##### Client Code:
-
-```js
-import * as Y from 'yjs'
-import { WebsocketProvider } from 'yjs/provider/websocket.js'
-
-const provider = new WebsocketProvider('http://localhost:1234')
-
-// open a websocket connection to http://localhost:1234/my-document-name
-const sharedDocument = provider.get('my-document-name')
-
-sharedDocument.on('status', event => {
-  console.log(event.status) // logs "connected" or "disconnected"
-})
-```
-
-#### Scaling
-
-These are mere suggestions how you could scale your server environment.
-
-**Option 1:** Websocket servers communicate with each other via a PubSub server. A room is represented by a PubSub channel. The downside of this approach is that the same shared document may be handled by many servers. But the upside is that this approach is fault tolerant, does not have a single point of failure, and is perfectly fit for route balancing.
-
-**Option 2:** Sharding with *consistent hashing*. Each document is handled by a unique server. This patterns requires an entity, like etcd, that performs regular health checks and manages servers. Based on the list of available servers (which is managed by etcd) a proxy calculates which server is responsible for each requested document. The disadvantage of this approach is that it is that load distribution may not be fair. Still, this approach may be the preferred solution if you want to store the shared document in a database - e.g. for indexing.
-
-### Ydb Provider
-
-TODO
-
-### Create Custom Provider
-
-A provider is only a concept. I encourage you to implement the same provider interface found above. This makes it easy to exchange communication protocols.
-
-Since providers handle the communication channel, they will necessarily interact with the [binary protocols](#Binary-Protocols). I suggest that you build upon the existing protocols. But you may also implement a custom communication protocol.
-
-Read section [Sync Protocol](#Sync-Protocol) to learn how syncing works.
-
-## Shared Types
-
-A shared type is just a normal data type like [Map](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Map) or [Array](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array). But a shared type may also be modified by a remote client. Conflicts are automatically resolved by the rules described in this section - but please note that this is only a rough overview of how conflict resolution works. Please read the [Yjs CRDT Algorithm](#Yjs-CRDT-Algorithm) section for an in-depth description of the conflict resolution approach.
-
-As explained in [Tutorial](#Tutorial), a shared type is shared among all peers when they are defined with the same name on the same shared document. I.e.
-
-```js
-sharedDocument.define('my-array', Y.Array)
-
-const myArray = sharedDocument.get('my-array')
-```
-
-You may define a shared types several times, as long as you don't change the type definition.
-
-```js
-sharedDocument.define('my-array', Y.Array)
-
-const myArray = sharedDocument.get('my-array')
-
-const alsoMyArray = sharedDocument.define('my-array', Y.Array)
-
-console.log(myArray === alsoMyArray) // => true
-```
-
-All shared types have an `type.observe(event => ..)` method that allows you to observe any changes. You may also observe all changes on a type and any of its children with the `type.observeDeep(events => ..)` method. Here, `events` is the [Set](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Set) of events that were fired on type, or any of its children.
-
-All Events inherit from [YEvent](https://yjs.website/module-utils.YEvent.html).
-
-### YMap
-> Complete API docs: [https://yjs.website/module-types.ymap](https://yjs.website/module-types.ymap)
-
-The YMap type is very similar to the JavaScript [Map](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Map). 
-
-YMap fires [YMapEvents](https://yjs.website/module-types.YMapEvent.html).
-
-```js
-import * as Y from 'yjs'
-
-const ymap = new Y.Map()
-
-ymap.observe(event => {
-  console.log('ymap keys changed:', event.keysChanged, event.remote)
-})
-
-ymap.set('key', 'value') // => ymap keys changed: Set{ 'key' } false
-ymap.delete('key') // => ymap keys changed: Set{ 'key' }
-
-const ymap2 = new YMap()
-ymap2.set(1, 'two')
-
-ymap.set('type', ymap2) // => ymap keys changed: Set{ 'type' }
-```
-
-##### Concurrent YMap changes
-
-* Concurrent edits on different keys do not affect each other. E.g. if client1 does `ymap.set('a', 1)` and client2 does `ymap.set('b', 2)`, both clients will end up with `YMap{ a: 1, b: 2 }`
-* If client1 and client2 `set` the same property at the same time, the edit from the client with the smaller userID will prevail (`sharedDocument.userID`)
-* If client1 sets a property `ymap.set('a', 1)` and client2 deletes a property `ymap.delete('a')`, the set operation always prevails.
-
-### YArray
-> Complete API docs: [https://yjs.website/module-types.yarray](https://yjs.website/module-types.yarray)
-
-YArray fires [YArrayEvents](https://yjs.website/module-types.YMapEvent.html).
-
-
-```js
-import * as Y from 'yjs'
-
-const yarray = new Y.Array()
-
-yarray.observe(event => {
-  console.log('yarray changed:', event.addedElements, event.removedElements, event.remote)
-})
-
-// insert two elements at position 0
-yarray.insert(0, ['a', 1]) // => yarray changed: Set{Item{'a'}, Item{1}}, Set{}, false 
-console.log(yarray.toArray()) // => ['a', 1]
-yarray.delete(1, 1) // yarray changed: Set{}, Set{Item{1}}, false
-
-yarray.insert(1, new Y.Map()) // => yarray changed: Set{YMap{}}, Set{}, false
-
-// The difference between .toArray and .toJSON:
-console.log(yarray.toArray()) // => ['a', YMap{}]
-console.log(yarray.toJSON()) // => ['a', {}]
-```
-
-As you can see from the above example, primitive data is wrapped into an Item. This makes it possible to find the exact location of the change.
-
-##### Concurrent YArray changes
-
-* YArray internally represents the data as a doubly linked list. The Array `['a', YMap{}, 1]` is internally represented as `Item{'a'} <-> YMap{} <-> Item{1}`. Accordingly, the insert operation `yarray.insert(1, ['b'])` is internally transformed to `insert Item{'b'} between Item{'a'} and YMap{}`.
-* When an Item is deleted, it is only marked as deleted. Only its content is garbage collected and freed from memory.
-* Therefore, the remote operation `insert x between a and b` can still be fulfilled when item `a` or item `b` are deleted.
-* In case that two clients insert content between the same items (a concurrent insertion), the order of the insertions is decided based on the `sharedDocument.userID`.
-
-### YText
-> Complete API docs: [https://yjs.website/module-types.ytext](https://yjs.website/module-types.ytext)
-
-A YText is basically a [YArray](#YArray) that is optimized for text content. 
-
-### YXmlFragment and YXmlElement
-> Complete API docs: [https://yjs.website/module-types.yxmlfragment](https://yjs.website/module-types.yxmlfragment) and [https://yjs.website/module-types.yxmlelement](https://yjs.website/module-types.yxmlelement)
-
-### Custom Types
-
-## Bindings
-
-## Transaction
-
-
-
-## Binary Protocols
-
-### Sync Protocol
-
-Sync steps
-
-### Awareness Protocol
-
-### Auth Protocol
-
-## Offline Editing
-
-It is trivial with Yjs to persist the local state to indexeddb, so it is always available when working offline. But there are two non-trivial questions that need to answered when implementing a professional offline editing app:
-
-1. How does a client sync down all rooms that were modified while offline?
-2. How does a client sync up all rooms that were modified while offline?
-
-Assuming 5000 documents are stored on each client for offline usage. How do we sync up/down each of those documents after a client comes online? It would be inefficient to sync each of those rooms separately. The only provider that currently supports syncing many rooms efficiently is Ydb, because its database layer is optimized to sync many rooms with each client.
-
-If you do not care about 1. and 2. you can use `/persistences/indexeddb.js` to mirror the local state to indexeddb.
-
-## Working with Yjs
-
-### Typescript Declarations
-
-Until [this](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/7546) is fixed, the only way to get type declarations is by adding Yjs to the list of checked files:
-
-```json
-{
-  "compilerOptions": {
-    "allowJs": true,
-    "checkJs": true,
-    ..
-  },
-  "maxNodeModuleJsDepth": 5
-}
-```
-
-## CRDT Algorithm
-
-## License and Author
-
-Yjs and all related projects are [**MIT licensed**](./LICENSE). Some files also contain an additional copyright notice that allows you to copy and modify the code without shipping the copyright notice (e.g. `./provider/websocket/WebsocketProvider.js` and `./provider/websocket/server.js`)
-
-Yjs is based on the research I did as a student at the RWTH i5. I am working on Yjs in my spare time. Please help me by donating or hiring me for consulting, so I can continue to work on this project.
-
-kevin.jahns@protonmail.com
--- a/examples/.gitignore
+++ b/examples/.gitignore
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-build
--- a/examples/ace/index.html
+++ b/examples/ace/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <style type="text/css" media="screen">
+    #aceContainer {
+        position: absolute;
+        top: 0;
+        right: 0;
+        bottom: 0;
+        left: 0;
+    }
+    .inserted {
+      position:absolute;
+      z-index:20;
+      background-color: #FFC107;
+    }
+    .deleted {
+      position:absolute;
+      z-index:20;
+      background-color: #FFC107;
+    }
+    </style>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+
+    <div id="aceContainer"></div>
+    <script src="../bower_components/yjs/y.js"></script>
+    <script src="../bower_components/ace-builds/src/ace.js"></script>
+
+    <script src="./index.js"></script>
+  </body>
+</html>
--- a/examples/ace/index.js
+++ b/examples/ace/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/* global Y, ace */
+
+Y({
+  db: {
+    name: 'memory'
+  },
+  connector: {
+    name: 'websockets-client',
+    room: 'ace-example'
+  },
+  sourceDir: '/bower_components',
+  share: {
+    ace: 'Text' // y.share.textarea is of type Y.Text
+  }
+}).then(function (y) {
+  window.yAce = y
+
+  // bind the textarea to a shared text element
+  var editor = ace.edit('aceContainer')
+  editor.setTheme('ace/theme/chrome')
+  editor.getSession().setMode('ace/mode/javascript')
+
+  y.share.ace.bindAce(editor)
+})
--- a/examples/bower.json
+++ b/examples/bower.json
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "name": "yjs-examples",
+  "version": "0.0.0",
+  "homepage": "y-js.org",
+  "authors": [
+    "Kevin Jahns <kevin.jahns@rwth-aachen.de>"
+  ],
+  "description": "Examples for Yjs",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "ignore": [],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "quill": "^1.0.0-rc.2",
+    "ace": "~1.2.3",
+    "ace-builds": "~1.2.3",
+    "jquery": "~2.2.2",
+    "d3": "^3.5.16",
+    "codemirror": "^5.25.0"
+  }
+}
--- a/examples/chat/index.html
+++ b/examples/chat/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <body>
+    <style>
+      #chat p span {
+        color: blue;
+      }
+    </style>
+    <div id="chat"></div>
+    <form id="chatform">
+      <input name="username" type="text" style="width:15%;">
+      <input name="message" type="text" style="width:60%;">
+      <input type="submit" value="Send">
+    </form>
+    <script src="../../y.js"></script>
+    <script src="../../../y-websockets-client/dist/y-websockets-client.js"></script>
+    <script src="./index.js"></script>
+  </body>
+</html>
--- a/examples/chat/index.js
+++ b/examples/chat/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/* global Y */
+
+// initialize a shared object. This function call returns a promise!
+var y = new Y({
+  connector: {
+    name: 'websockets-client',
+    room: 'chat-example'
+  }
+})
+
+window.yChat = y
+
+let chatprotocol = y.define('chatprotocol', Y.Array)
+
+let chatcontainer = document.querySelector('#chat')
+
+// This functions inserts a message at the specified position in the DOM
+function appendMessage (message, position) {
+  var p = document.createElement('p')
+  var uname = document.createElement('span')
+  uname.appendChild(document.createTextNode(message.username + ': '))
+  p.appendChild(uname)
+  p.appendChild(document.createTextNode(message.message))
+  chatcontainer.insertBefore(p, chatcontainer.children[position] || null)
+}
+// This function makes sure that only 7 messages exist in the chat history.
+// The rest is deleted
+function cleanupChat () {
+  if (chatprotocol.length > 7) {
+    chatprotocol.delete(0, chatprotocol.length - 7)
+  }
+}
+// Insert the initial content
+chatprotocol.toArray().forEach(appendMessage)
+cleanupChat()
+
+// whenever content changes, make sure to reflect the changes in the DOM
+chatprotocol.observe(function (event) {
+  if (event.type === 'insert') {
+    for (let i = 0; i < event.length; i++) {
+      appendMessage(event.values[i], event.index + i)
+    }
+  } else if (event.type === 'delete') {
+    for (let i = 0; i < event.length; i++) {
+      chatcontainer.children[event.index].remove()
+    }
+  }
+  // concurrent insertions may result in a history > 7, so cleanup here
+  cleanupChat()
+})
+document.querySelector('#chatform').onsubmit = function (event) {
+  // the form is submitted
+  var message = {
+    username: this.querySelector('[name=username]').value,
+    message: this.querySelector('[name=message]').value
+  }
+  if (message.username.length > 0 && message.message.length > 0) {
+    if (chatprotocol.length > 6) {
+      // If we are goint to insert the 8th element, make sure to delete first.
+      chatprotocol.delete(0)
+    }
+    // Here we insert a message in the shared chat type.
+    // This will call the observe function (see line 40)
+    // and reflect the change in the DOM
+    chatprotocol.push([message])
+    this.querySelector('[name=message]').value = ''
+  }
+  // Do not send this form!
+  event.preventDefault()
+  return false
+}
--- a/examples/codemirror.html
+++ b/examples/codemirror.html
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
-<head>
-    <title>Yjs CodeMirror Example</title>
-    <link rel=stylesheet href="https://codemirror.net/lib/codemirror.css">
-    <style>
-      #container {
-        border: grey;
-        border-style: solid;
-        border-width: thin;
-      }
-    </style>
-  </head>
-<body>
-  <p>This example shows how to bind a YText type to <a href="https://codemirror.net/">CodeMirror</a> editor.</p>
-  <p>The content of this editor is shared with every client who visits this domain.</p>
-  <div class="code-html">
-<style>
-.remote-caret {
-  position: absolute;
-  border-left: black;
-  border-left-style: solid;
-  border-left-width: 2px;
-  height: 1em;
-}
-.remote-caret > div {
-  position: relative;
-  top: -1.05em;
-  font-size: 13px;
-  background-color: rgb(250, 129, 0);
-  font-family: serif;
-  font-style: normal;
-  font-weight: normal;
-  line-height: normal;
-  user-select: none;
-  color: white;
-  padding-left: 2px;
-  padding-right: 2px;
-}
-</style>
-<div id="container"></div>
-  </div>
-  <!-- The actual source file for the following code is found in ./codemirror.js. Run `npm run watch` to compile the files -->
-  <script class="code-js" src="./build/codemirror.js" type="module">
-import * as Y from 'yjs'
-import { WebsocketProvider } from 'yjs/provider/websocket.js'
-import { CodeMirrorBinding } from 'yjs/bindings/codemirror.js'
-
-import * as conf from './exampleConfig.js'
-
-import CodeMirror from 'codemirror'
-import 'codemirror/mode/javascript/javascript.js'
-
-const provider = new WebsocketProvider(conf.serverAddress)
-const ydocument = provider.get('codemirror')
-const ytext = ydocument.define('codemirror', Y.Text)
-
-const editor = new CodeMirror(document.querySelector('#container'), {
-    mode: 'javascript',
-    lineNumbers: true
-})
-
-const binding = new CodeMirrorBinding(ytext, editor)
-
-window.codemirrorExample = {
-  binding, editor, ytext, ydocument
-}
-  </script>
-</body>
-</html>
--- a/examples/codemirror.js
+++ b/examples/codemirror.js
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-import { WebsocketProvider } from 'y-websocket'
-import { CodeMirrorBinding } from 'y-codemirror'
-
-import * as conf from './exampleConfig.js'
-
-import CodeMirror from 'codemirror'
-import 'codemirror/mode/javascript/javascript.js'
-
-const provider = new WebsocketProvider(conf.serverAddress)
-const ydocument = provider.get('codemirror')
-const ytext = ydocument.getText('codemirror')
-
-const editor = new CodeMirror(document.querySelector('#container'), {
-  mode: 'javascript',
-  lineNumbers: true
-})
-
-const binding = new CodeMirrorBinding(ytext, editor)
-
-window.codemirrorExample = {
-  binding, editor, ytext, ydocument
-}
--- a/examples/codemirror/index.html
+++ b/examples/codemirror/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="codeMirrorContainer"></div>
+
+    <script src="../bower_components/yjs/y.js"></script>
+    <script src="../bower_components/codemirror/lib/codemirror.js"></script>
+    <script src="../bower_components/codemirror/mode/javascript/javascript.js"></script>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../bower_components/codemirror/lib/codemirror.css">
+    <style>
+      .CodeMirror {
+        position: fixed;
+        top: 0;
+        left: 0;
+        height: 100%;
+        width: 100%;
+      }
+    </style>
+    <script src="./index.js"></script>
+  </body>
+</html>
--- a/examples/codemirror/index.js
+++ b/examples/codemirror/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/* global Y, CodeMirror */
+
+// initialize a shared object. This function call returns a promise!
+Y({
+  db: {
+    name: 'memory'
+  },
+  connector: {
+    name: 'websockets-client',
+    room: 'codemirror-example'
+  },
+  sourceDir: '/bower_components',
+  share: {
+    codemirror: 'Text' // y.share.codemirror is of type Y.Text
+  }
+}).then(function (y) {
+  window.yCodeMirror = y
+
+  var editor = CodeMirror(document.querySelector('#codeMirrorContainer'), {
+    mode: 'javascript',
+    lineNumbers: true
+  })
+  y.share.codemirror.bindCodeMirror(editor)
+})
--- a/examples/dom.html
+++ b/examples/dom.html
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
-<head>
-    <title>Yjs Prosemirror Example</title>
-    <link rel=stylesheet href="https://prosemirror.net/css/editor.css">
-    <style>
-      #content {
-        min-height: 500px;
-      }
-    </style>
-</head>
-<body>
-  <p>This example shows how to bind a YXmlFragment type to an arbitrary DOM element. We set the DOM element to contenteditable so it basically behaves like a very powerful rich-text editor.</p>
-  <p>The content of this editor is shared with every client who visits this domain.</p>
-  <hr>
-  <div class="code-html">
-
-<div id="content" contenteditable=""></div>
-  </div>
-  <!-- The actual source file for the following code is found in ./dom.js. Run `npm run watch` to compile the files -->
-  <script class="code-js" src="./build/dom.js" type="module">
-    import * as Y from 'yjs/index.js'
-    import { WebsocketProvider } from 'yjs/provider/websocket.js'
-    import { DomBinding } from 'yjs/bindings/dom.js'
-    import * as conf from './exampleConfig.js'
-
-    const provider = new WebsocketProvider(conf.serverAddress)
-    const ydocument = provider.get('dom')
-    const type = ydocument.define('xml', Y.XmlFragment)
-    const binding = new DomBinding(type, document.querySelector('#content'), { scrollingElement: document.scrollingElement })
-
-    window.example = {
-      provider, ydocument, type, binding
-    }
-  </script>
-</body>
-</html>
--- a/examples/dom.js
+++ b/examples/dom.js
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-import * as Y from '../src/index.js'
-import { WebsocketProvider } from 'y-websocket'
-import { DomBinding } from 'y-dom'
-import * as conf from './exampleConfig.js'
-
-const provider = new WebsocketProvider(conf.serverAddress)
-const ydocument = provider.get('dom')
-const type = ydocument.define('xml', Y.XmlFragment)
-const binding = new DomBinding(type, document.querySelector('#content'), { scrollingElement: document.scrollingElement })
-
-window.example = {
-  provider, ydocument, type, binding
-}
--- a/examples/drawing/index.html
+++ b/examples/drawing/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<body>
+  <style>
+    path {
+      fill: none;
+      stroke: blue;
+      stroke-width: 1px;
+      stroke-linejoin: round;
+      stroke-linecap: round;
+    }
+  </style>
+  <button type="button" id="clearDrawingCanvas">Clear Drawing</button>
+  <svg id="drawingCanvas" viewbox="0 0 100 100" width="100%"></svg>
+  <script src="../../y.js"></script>
+  <script src="../../../y-array/y-array.js"></script>
+  <script src="../../../y-map/dist/y-map.js"></script>
+  <script src="../../../y-memory/y-memory.js"></script>
+  <script src="../../../y-websockets-client/y-websockets-client.js"></script>
+  <script src="../bower_components/d3/d3.js"></script>
+  <script src="./index.js"></script>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/examples/drawing/index.js
+++ b/examples/drawing/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/* globals Y, d3 */
+'strict mode'
+
+Y({
+  db: {
+    name: 'memory'
+  },
+  connector: {
+    name: 'websockets-client',
+    room: 'drawing-example',
+    url: 'localhost:1234'
+  },
+  sourceDir: '/bower_components',
+  share: {
+    drawing: 'Array'
+  }
+}).then(function (y) {
+  window.yDrawing = y
+  var drawing = y.share.drawing
+  var renderPath = d3.svg.line()
+    .x(function (d) { return d[0] })
+    .y(function (d) { return d[1] })
+    .interpolate('basis')
+
+  var svg = d3.select('#drawingCanvas')
+    .call(d3.behavior.drag()
+      .on('dragstart', dragstart)
+      .on('drag', drag)
+      .on('dragend', dragend))
+
+  // create line from a shared array object and update the line when the array changes
+  function drawLine (yarray) {
+    var line = svg.append('path').datum(yarray.toArray())
+    line.attr('d', renderPath)
+    yarray.observe(function (event) {
+      // we only implement insert events that are appended to the end of the array
+      event.values.forEach(function (value) {
+        line.datum().push(value)
+      })
+      line.attr('d', renderPath)
+    })
+  }
+  // call drawLine every time an array is appended
+  y.share.drawing.observe(function (event) {
+    if (event.type === 'insert') {
+      event.values.forEach(drawLine)
+    } else {
+      // just remove all elements (thats what we do anyway)
+      svg.selectAll('path').remove()
+    }
+  })
+  // draw all existing content
+  for (var i = 0; i < drawing.length; i++) {
+    drawLine(drawing.get(i))
+  }
+
+  // clear canvas on request
+  document.querySelector('#clearDrawingCanvas').onclick = function () {
+    drawing.delete(0, drawing.length)
+  }
+
+  var sharedLine = null
+  function dragstart () {
+    drawing.insert(drawing.length, [Y.Array])
+    sharedLine = drawing.get(drawing.length - 1)
+  }
+
+  // After one dragged event is recognized, we ignore them for 33ms.
+  var ignoreDrag = null
+  function drag () {
+    if (sharedLine != null && ignoreDrag == null) {
+      ignoreDrag = window.setTimeout(function () {
+        ignoreDrag = null
+      }, 33)
+      sharedLine.push([d3.mouse(this)])
+    }
+  }
+
+  function dragend () {
+    sharedLine = null
+    window.clearTimeout(ignoreDrag)
+    ignoreDrag = null
+  }
+})
--- a/examples/exampleConfig.js
+++ b/examples/exampleConfig.js
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-/* eslint-env browser */
-
-const isDeployed = location.hostname === 'yjs.website'
-
-if (!isDeployed) {
-  console.log('%cYjs: Start your local websocket server by running %c`npm run websocket-server`', 'color:blue', 'color: grey; font-weight: bold')
-}
-
-export const serverAddress = isDeployed ? 'wss://api.yjs.website' : 'ws://localhost:1234'
--- a/examples/examples.json
+++ b/examples/examples.json
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "codemirror": {
-    "title": "CodeMirror Binding"
-  },
-  "prosemirror": {
-    "title": "ProseMirror Binding"
-  },
-  "textarea": {
-    "title": "Textarea Binding"
-  },
-  "quill": {
-    "title": "Quill Binding"
-  },
-  "dom": {
-    "title": "Dom Binding"
-  }
-}
--- a/examples/html-editor/index.html
+++ b/examples/html-editor/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+</head>
+  <!-- jquery is not required for y-xml. It is just here for convenience, and to test batch operations. -->
+  <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
+  <script src="../yjs-dist.js"></script>
+  <script src="./index.js"></script>
+</head>
+<body contenteditable="true">
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/examples/html-editor/index.js
+++ b/examples/html-editor/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/* global Y, HTMLElement, customElements */
+
+class MagicTable extends HTMLElement {
+  constructor () {
+    super()
+    var shadow = this.attachShadow({mode: 'open'})
+    setTimeout(() => {
+      shadow.append(this.childNodes[0])
+    }, 1000)
+  }
+}
+customElements.define('magic-table', MagicTable)
+
+// initialize a shared object. This function call returns a promise!
+let y = new Y({
+  connector: {
+    name: 'websockets-client',
+    url: 'http://127.0.0.1:1234',
+    room: 'html-editor-example6'
+    // maxBufferLength: 100
+  }
+})
+window.yXml = y
+window.yXmlType = y.define('xml', Y.XmlFragment)
+window.onload = function () {
+  console.log('start!')
+  // Bind children of XmlFragment to the document.body
+  window.yXmlType.bindToDom(document.body)
+}
+window.undoManager = new Y.utils.UndoManager(window.yXmlType, {
+  captureTimeout: 500
+})
+
+document.onkeydown = function interceptUndoRedo (e) {
+  if (e.keyCode === 90 && e.metaKey) {
+    if (!e.shiftKey) {
+      window.undoManager.undo()
+    } else {
+      window.undoManager.redo()
+    }
+    e.preventDefault()
+  }
+}
--- a/examples/indexeddb/index.html
+++ b/examples/indexeddb/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="codeMirrorContainer"></div>
+    <script src="../bower_components/codemirror/lib/codemirror.js"></script>
+    <script src="../bower_components/codemirror/mode/javascript/javascript.js"></script>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../bower_components/codemirror/lib/codemirror.css">
+    <style>
+      .CodeMirror {
+        position: fixed;
+        top: 0;
+        left: 0;
+        height: 100%;
+        width: 100%;
+      }
+    </style>
+    <script type="module" src="./index.js"></script>
+  </body>
+</html>
--- a/examples/indexeddb/index.js
+++ b/examples/indexeddb/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/* global Y, CodeMirror */
+
+// initialize a shared object. This function call returns a promise!
+Y({
+  db: {
+    name: 'memory'
+  },
+  connector: {
+    name: 'websockets-client',
+    room: 'codemirror-example'
+  },
+  sourceDir: '/bower_components',
+  share: {
+    codemirror: 'Text' // y.share.codemirror is of type Y.Text
+  }
+}).then(function (y) {
+  window.yCodeMirror = y
+
+  var editor = CodeMirror(document.querySelector('#codeMirrorContainer'), {
+    mode: 'javascript',
+    lineNumbers: true
+  })
+  y.share.codemirror.bindCodeMirror(editor)
+})
--- a/examples/infiniteyjs/index.html
+++ b/examples/infiniteyjs/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<body>
+  <style>
+    .wrapper {
+      display: grid;
+      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
+      grid-gap: 7px;
+    }
+    .one {
+      grid-column: 1 ;
+    }
+    .two { 
+      grid-column: 2;
+    }
+    .three {
+      grid-column: 3;
+    }
+    textarea {
+      width: calc(100% - 10px)
+    }
+    .editor-container {
+      background-color: #4caf50;
+      padding: 4px 5px 10px 5px;
+      border-radius: 11px;
+    }
+    .editor-container[disconnected] {
+      background-color: red;
+    }
+    .disconnected-info {
+      display: none;
+    }
+    .editor-container[disconnected] .disconnected-info {
+      display: inline;
+    }
+  </style>
+  <div class="wrapper">
+    <div id="container1" class="one editor-container">
+      <h1>Server 1 <span class="disconnected-info">(disconnected)</span></h1>
+      <textarea id="textarea1" rows=40 autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"></textarea>
+    </div>
+    <div id="container2" class="two editor-container">
+      <h1>Server 2 <span class="disconnected-info">(disconnected)</span></h1>
+      <textarea id="textarea2" rows=40 autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"></textarea>
+    </div>
+    <div id="container3" class="three editor-container">
+      <h1>Server 3 <span class="disconnected-info">(disconnected)</span></h1>
+      <textarea id="textarea3" rows=40 autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"></textarea>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <script src="../../y.js"></script>
+  <script src="../../../y-array/y-array.js"></script>
+  <script src="../../../y-text/dist/y-text.js"></script>
+  <script src="../../../y-memory/y-memory.js"></script>
+  <script src="../../../y-websockets-client/y-websockets-client.js"></script>
+  <script src="./index.js"></script>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/examples/infiniteyjs/index.js
+++ b/examples/infiniteyjs/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/* global Y */
+
+Y({
+  db: {
+    name: 'memory'
+  },
+  connector: {
+    name: 'websockets-client',
+    room: 'Textarea-example',
+    url: 'https://yjs-v13.herokuapp.com/'
+  },
+  share: {
+    textarea: 'Text'
+  }
+}).then(function (y) {
+  window.y1 = y
+  y.share.textarea.bind(document.getElementById('textarea1'))
+})
+
+Y({
+  db: {
+    name: 'memory'
+  },
+  connector: {
+    name: 'websockets-client',
+    room: 'Textarea-example',
+    url: 'https://yjs-v13-second.herokuapp.com/'
+  },
+  share: {
+    textarea: 'Text'
+  }
+}).then(function (y) {
+  window.y2 = y
+  y.share.textarea.bind(document.getElementById('textarea2'))
+  y.connector.socket.on('connection', function () {
+    document.getElementById('container2').removeAttribute('disconnected')
+  })
+  y.connector.socket.on('disconnect', function () {
+    document.getElementById('container2').setAttribute('disconnected', true)
+  })
+})
+
+Y({
+  db: {
+    name: 'memory'
+  },
+  connector: {
+    name: 'websockets-client',
+    room: 'Textarea-example',
+    url: 'https://yjs-v13-third.herokuapp.com/'
+  },
+  share: {
+    textarea: 'Text'
+  }
+}).then(function (y) {
+  window.y3 = y
+  y.share.textarea.bind(document.getElementById('textarea3'))
+  y.connector.socket.on('connection', function () {
+    document.getElementById('container3').removeAttribute('disconnected')
+  })
+  y.connector.socket.on('disconnect', function () {
+    document.getElementById('container3').setAttribute('disconnected', true)
+  })
+})
--- a/examples/jigsaw/index.html
+++ b/examples/jigsaw/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+  <style type="text/css">
+    .draggable {
+      cursor: move;
+    }
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <svg id="puzzle-example" width="100%" viewBox="0 0 800 800">
+    <g>
+      <path d="M 311.76636,154.23389 C 312.14136,171.85693 318.14087,184.97998 336.13843,184.23047 C 354.13647,183.48047 351.88647,180.48096 354.88599,178.98096 C 357.8855,177.48096 368.38452,170.35693 380.00806,169.98193 C 424.61841,168.54297 419.78296,223.6001 382.25757,223.6001 C 377.75806,223.6001 363.51001,219.10107 356.38599,211.97656 C 349.26196,204.85254 310.64185,207.10254 314.76636,236.34863 C 316.34888,247.5708 324.08374,267.90723 324.84595,286.23486 C 325.29321,296.99414 323.17603,307.00635 321.58911,315.6377 C 360.11353,305.4585 367.73462,304.30518 404.00513,312.83936 C 410.37915,314.33887 436.62573,310.21436 421.25269,290.3418 C 405.87964,270.46924 406.25464,248.34717 417.12817,240.84814 C 428.00171,233.34912 446.74976,228.84961 457.99829,234.09912 C 469.24683,239.34814 484.61987,255.84619 475.24585,271.59424 C 465.87231,287.34229 452.74878,290.7168 456.49829,303.84033 C 460.2478,316.96387 479.74536,320.33838 500.74292,321.83789 C 509.70142,322.47803 527.97192,323.28467 542.10864,320.12939 C 549.91821,318.38672 556.92212,315.89502 562.46753,313.56396 C 561.40796,277.80664 560.84888,245.71729 560.3606,241.97314 C 558.85278,230.41455 542.49536,217.28564 525.86499,223.2251 C 520.61548,225.1001 519.86548,231.84912 505.24243,232.59912 C 444.92798,235.69238 462.06958,143.26709 525.86499,180.48096 C 539.52759,188.45068 575.19409,190.7583 570.10913,156.85889 C 567.85962,141.86035 553.98608,102.86523 553.98608,102.86523 C 553.98608,102.86523 477.23755,111.82227 451.99878,91.991699 C 441.50024,83.74292 444.87476,69.494629 449.37427,61.245605 C 453.87378,52.996582 465.12231,46.622559 464.74731,36.123779 C 463.02563,-12.086426 392.96704,-10.902832 396.5061,36.873535 C 397.25562,46.997314 406.62964,52.621582 410.75415,60.495605 C 420.00757,78.161377 405.50024,96.073486 384.50757,99.490723 C 377.36206,100.65381 349.17505,102.65332 320.39429,102.23486 C 319.677,102.22461 318.95923,102.21143 318.24194,102.19775 C 315.08423,120.9751 311.55688,144.39697 311.76636,154.23389 z " style="fill:#f2c569;stroke:#000000" id="path2502"/>
+      <path d="M 500.74292,321.83789 C 479.74536,320.33838 460.2478,316.96387 456.49829,303.84033 C 452.74878,290.7168 465.87231,287.34229 475.24585,271.59424 C 484.61987,255.84619 469.24683,239.34814 457.99829,234.09912 C 446.74976,228.84961 428.00171,233.34912 417.12817,240.84814 C 406.25464,248.34717 405.87964,270.46924 421.25269,290.3418 C 436.62573,310.21436 410.37915,314.33887 404.00513,312.83936 C 367.73462,304.30518 360.11353,305.4585 321.58911,315.6377 C 320.56372,321.21484 319.75854,326.2207 320.01538,330.46191 C 320.76538,342.83545 329.3894,385.95508 327.8894,392.7041 C 326.3894,399.45312 313.64136,418.20117 297.89331,407.32715 C 282.14526,396.45361 276.52075,393.4541 265.27222,394.5791 C 254.02368,395.70361 239.77563,402.07812 239.77563,419.32568 C 239.77563,436.57373 250.27417,449.69727 268.64673,447.82227 C 287.36353,445.9126 317.92163,423.11035 325.63989,452.69678 C 330.1394,469.94434 330.51392,487.19238 330.1394,498.44092 C 329.95825,503.87646 326.09985,518.06592 322.16089,531.28125 C 353.2854,532.73682 386.47095,531.26611 394.2561,529.93701 C 430.30933,523.78174 429.31909,496.09766 412.62866,477.44385 C 406.25464,470.31934 401.75513,455.32129 405.87964,444.82275 C 414.07056,423.97314 458.8064,422.17773 473.37134,438.82324 C 483.86987,450.82178 475.99585,477.44385 468.49683,482.69287 C 453.52222,493.17529 457.22485,516.83008 473.37134,528.06201 C 504.79126,549.91943 572.35913,535.56152 572.35913,535.56152 C 572.35913,535.56152 567.85962,498.06592 567.48462,471.81934 C 567.10962,445.57275 589.60669,450.07227 593.3562,450.07227 C 597.10571,450.07227 604.22974,455.32129 609.47925,459.4458 C 614.72876,463.57031 618.85327,469.94434 630.85181,470.69434 C 677.43726,473.60596 674.58813,420.7373 631.97632,413.32666 C 623.35229,411.82666 614.72876,416.32617 603.10522,424.57519 C 591.48169,432.82422 577.23315,425.32519 570.10913,417.45117 C 566.07788,412.99561 563.8479,360.16406 562.46753,313.56396 C 556.92212,315.89502 549.91821,318.38672 542.10864,320.12939 C 527.97192,323.28467 509.70142,322.47803 500.74292,321.83789 z " style="fill:#f3f3d6;stroke:#000000" id="path2504"/>
+      <path d="M 240.52563,141.86035 C 257.60327,159.6499 243.94507,188.68799 214.65356,190.22949 C 185.09448,191.78516 164.66675,157.17822 190.28589,136.61621 C 200.49585,128.42139 198.05786,114.12158 179.78296,106.98975 C 154.4187,97.091553 90.54419,107.73975 90.54419,107.73975 C 90.54419,107.73975 100.88794,135.11328 101.41772,168.48242 C 101.79272,192.104 68.796875,189.47949 63.172607,186.85498 C 57.54834,184.23047 45.924805,173.73145 37.675781,173.73145 C -14.411865,173.73145 -10.013184,245.84375 39.925537,232.22412 C 48.174316,229.97461 56.42334,220.97559 68.796875,222.47559 C 81.17041,223.9751 87.544434,232.59912 87.544434,246.09766 C 87.544434,252.51709 87.0354,281.24268 86.340576,312.87012 C 119.15894,313.67676 160.60962,314.46582 170.03442,313.58887 C 186.15698,312.08936 195.90601,301.59033 188.40698,293.3418 C 180.90796,285.09277 156.16089,256.59619 179.03296,239.34814 C 201.90503,222.10059 235.65112,231.84912 239.77563,247.22217 C 243.90015,262.59521 240.52563,273.46924 234.90112,279.09326 C 229.27661,284.71777 210.52905,298.96582 221.40259,308.71484 C 232.27661,318.46338 263.77222,330.83691 302.39282,320.71338 C 309.58862,318.82715 315.92114,317.13525 321.58911,315.6377 C 323.17603,307.00635 325.29321,296.99414 324.84595,286.23486 C 324.08374,267.90723 316.34888,247.5708 314.76636,236.34863 C 310.64185,207.10254 349.26196,204.85254 356.38599,211.97656 C 363.51001,219.10107 377.75806,223.6001 382.25757,223.6001 C 419.78296,223.6001 424.61841,168.54297 380.00806,169.98193 C 368.38452,170.35693 357.8855,177.48096 354.88599,178.98096 C 351.88647,180.48096 354.13647,183.48047 336.13843,184.23047 C 318.14087,184.97998 312.14136,171.85693 311.76636,154.23389 C 311.55688,144.39697 315.08423,120.9751 318.24194,102.19775 C 290.37524,101.67725 262.46069,98.968262 254.39868,97.991211 C 233.38013,95.443359 217.17456,117.53662 240.52563,141.86035 z " style="fill:#bebcdb;stroke:#000000" id="path2506"/>
+      <path d="M 325.63989,452.69678 C 317.92163,423.11035 287.36353,445.9126 268.64673,447.82227 C 250.27417,449.69727 239.77563,436.57373 239.77563,419.32568 C 239.77563,402.07812 254.02368,395.70361 265.27222,394.5791 C 276.52075,393.4541 282.14526,396.45361 297.89331,407.32715 C 313.64136,418.20117 326.3894,399.45313 327.8894,392.7041 C 329.3894,385.95508 320.76538,342.83545 320.01538,330.46191 C 319.75855,326.2207 320.56372,321.21484 321.58911,315.6377 C 315.92114,317.13525 309.58862,318.82715 302.39282,320.71338 C 263.77222,330.83691 232.27661,318.46338 221.40259,308.71484 C 210.52905,298.96582 229.27661,284.71777 234.90112,279.09326 C 240.52563,273.46924 243.90015,262.59521 239.77563,247.22217 C 235.65112,231.84912 201.90503,222.10059 179.03296,239.34814 C 156.16089,256.59619 180.90796,285.09277 188.40698,293.3418 C 195.90601,301.59033 186.15698,312.08936 170.03442,313.58887 C 160.60962,314.46582 119.15894,313.67676 86.340576,312.87012 C 85.573975,347.74561 84.581299,386.15088 83.794922,402.07812 C 82.295166,432.44922 109.29175,422.32568 115.66577,420.82568 C 122.04028,419.32568 126.16479,409.57715 143.03735,408.45215 C 185.9231,405.59326 186.09985,466.69629 144.16235,467.69482 C 128.41431,468.06982 113.79126,451.19678 108.16675,447.44727 C 102.54272,443.69775 87.919433,442.94775 83.794922,457.9458 C 82.01709,464.41113 78.118652,481.65137 78.098144,496.18994 C 78.071045,515.38037 82.295166,531.81201 82.295166,531.81201 C 82.295166,531.81201 105.54224,526.5625 149.41187,526.5625 C 193.28149,526.5625 199.65552,547.93506 194.78101,558.80859 C 189.90649,569.68213 181.28296,568.93213 179.40796,583.18066 C 172.7063,634.11133 253.34106,631.08203 249.14917,584.68018 C 247.96948,571.62354 237.16528,571.66699 232.27661,557.68359 C 222.17944,528.80273 244.64966,523.56299 257.39819,524.68799 C 263.59351,525.23437 290.95679,529.73389 320.75757,531.21582 C 321.22437,531.23877 321.69312,531.25928 322.16089,531.28125 C 326.09985,518.06592 329.95825,503.87646 330.1394,498.44092 C 330.51392,487.19238 330.1394,469.94434 325.63989,452.69678 z " style="fill:#d3ea9d;stroke:#000000" id="path2508"/>
+		</g>
+  </svg>
+  <script src="../../y.js"></script>
+  <script src="../../../y-map/dist/y-map.js"></script>
+  <script src="../../../y-memory/y-memory.js"></script>
+  <script src="../../../y-websockets-client/y-websockets-client.js"></script>
+  <script src="../bower_components/d3/d3.js"></script>
+  <script src="./index.js"></script>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/examples/jigsaw/index.js
+++ b/examples/jigsaw/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/* @flow */
+/* global Y, d3 */
+
+// initialize a shared object. This function call returns a promise!
+Y({
+  db: {
+    name: 'memory'
+  },
+  connector: {
+    name: 'websockets-client',
+    room: 'Puzzle-example',
+    url: 'http://localhost:1234'
+  },
+  share: {
+    piece1: 'Map',
+    piece2: 'Map',
+    piece3: 'Map',
+    piece4: 'Map'
+  }
+}).then(function (y) {
+  window.yJigsaw = y
+  var origin // mouse start position - translation of piece
+  var drag = d3.behavior.drag()
+    .on('dragstart', function (params) {
+      // get the translation of the element
+      var translation = d3
+        .select(this)
+        .attr('transform')
+        .slice(10, -1)
+        .split(',')
+        .map(Number)
+      // mouse coordinates
+      var mouse = d3.mouse(this.parentNode)
+      origin = {
+        x: mouse[0] - translation[0],
+        y: mouse[1] - translation[1]
+      }
+    })
+    .on('drag', function () {
+      var mouse = d3.mouse(this.parentNode)
+      var x = mouse[0] - origin.x // =^= mouse - mouse at dragstart + translation at dragstart
+      var y = mouse[1] - origin.y
+      d3.select(this).attr('transform', 'translate(' + x + ',' + y + ')')
+    })
+    .on('dragend', function (piece, i) {
+      // save the current translation of the puzzle piece
+      var mouse = d3.mouse(this.parentNode)
+      var x = mouse[0] - origin.x
+      var y = mouse[1] - origin.y
+      piece.set('translation', {x: x, y: y})
+    })
+
+  var data = [y.share.piece1, y.share.piece2, y.share.piece3, y.share.piece4]
+  var pieces = d3.select(document.querySelector('#puzzle-example')).selectAll('path').data(data)
+
+  pieces
+    .classed('draggable', true)
+    .attr('transform', function (piece) {
+      var translation = piece.get('translation') || {x: 0, y: 0}
+      return 'translate(' + translation.x + ',' + translation.y + ')'
+    }).call(drag)
+
+  data.forEach(function (piece) {
+    piece.observe(function () {
+      // whenever a property of a piece changes, update the translation of the pieces
+      pieces
+        .transition()
+        .attr('transform', function (piece) {
+          var translation = piece.get('translation') || {x: 0, y: 0}
+          return 'translate(' + translation.x + ',' + translation.y + ')'
+        })
+    })
+  })
+})
--- a/examples/monaco/index.html
+++ b/examples/monaco/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="monacoContainer"></div>
+    <style>
+      #monacoContainer {
+        position: fixed;
+        top: 0;
+        left: 0;
+        height: 100%;
+        width: 100%;
+      }
+    </style>
+    <script src="../bower_components/yjs/y.js"></script>
+    <script src="../bower_components/y-array/y-array.js"></script>
+    <script src="../bower_components/y-text/y-text.js"></script>
+    <script src="../bower_components/y-websockets-client/y-websockets-client.js"></script>
+    <script src="../bower_components/y-memory/y-memory.js"></script>
+    <script src="../node_modules/monaco-editor/min/vs/loader.js"></script>
+    <script src="./index.js"></script>
+  </body>
+</html>
--- a/examples/monaco/index.js
+++ b/examples/monaco/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/* global Y, monaco */
+
+require.config({ paths: { 'vs': '../node_modules/monaco-editor/min/vs' } })
+
+require(['vs/editor/editor.main'], function () {
+  // Initialize a shared object. This function call returns a promise!
+  Y({
+    db: {
+      name: 'memory'
+    },
+    connector: {
+      name: 'websockets-client',
+      room: 'monaco-example'
+    },
+    sourceDir: '/bower_components',
+    share: {
+      monaco: 'Text' // y.share.monaco is of type Y.Text
+    }
+  }).then(function (y) {
+    window.yMonaco = y
+
+    // Create Monaco editor
+    var editor = monaco.editor.create(document.getElementById('monacoContainer'), {
+      language: 'javascript'
+    })
+
+    // Bind to y.share.monaco
+    y.share.monaco.bindMonaco(editor)
+  })
+})
--- a/examples/package-lock.json
+++ b/examples/package-lock.json
--- a/examples/package.json
+++ b/examples/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+  "name": "examples",
+  "version": "0.0.0",
+  "description": "",
+  "scripts": {
+    "dist": "rollup -c",
+    "watch": "rollup -cw"
+  },
+  "author": "Kevin Jahns",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "monaco-editor": "^0.8.3"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "standard": "^10.0.2"
+  },
+  "standard": {
+    "ignore": ["bower_components"]
+  }
+}
--- a/examples/prosemirror-history.js
+++ b/examples/prosemirror-history.js
@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-
-import { Plugin } from 'prosemirror-state'
-import crel from 'crel'
-import * as Y from '../src/index.js'
-import { prosemirrorPluginKey } from 'y-prosemirror'
-import * as encoding from 'lib0/encoding.js'
-import * as decoding from 'lib0/decoding.js'
-import * as historyProtocol from 'y-protocols/history.js'
-
-const niceColors = ['#3cb44b', '#4363d8', '#f58231', '#911eb4', '#46f0f0', '#f032e6', '#bcf60c', '#008080', '#9a6324', '#800000', '#808000', '#000075', '#808080']
-
-const createUserCSS = (userid, username, color = 'rgb(250, 129, 0)', color2 = 'rgba(250, 129, 0, .41)') => `
-  [ychange_state][ychange_user="${userid}"]:hover::before {
-    content: "${username}" !important;
-    background-color: ${color} !important;
-  }
-  [ychange_state="added"][ychange_user="${userid}"] {
-    background-color: ${color2} !important;
-  }
-  [ychange_state="removed"][ychange_user="${userid}"] {
-    color: ${color} !important;
-  }
-`
-
-export const noteHistoryPlugin = new Plugin({
-  state: {
-    init (initargs, state) {
-      return new NoteHistoryPlugin()
-    },
-    apply (tr, pluginState) {
-      return pluginState
-    }
-  },
-  view (editorView) {
-    const hstate = noteHistoryPlugin.getState(editorView.state)
-    hstate.init(editorView)
-    return {
-      destroy: hstate.destroy.bind(hstate)
-    }
-  }
-})
-
-const createWrapper = () => {
-  const wrapper = crel('div', { style: 'display: flex;' })
-  const historyContainer = crel('div', { style: 'align-self: baseline; flex-basis: 250px;', class: 'shared-history' })
-  wrapper.insertBefore(historyContainer, null)
-  const userStyleContainer = crel('style')
-  wrapper.insertBefore(userStyleContainer, null)
-  return { wrapper, historyContainer, userStyleContainer }
-}
-
-class NoteHistoryPlugin {
-  init (editorView) {
-    this.editorView = editorView
-    const { historyContainer, wrapper, userStyleContainer } = createWrapper()
-    this.userStyleContainer = userStyleContainer
-    this.wrapper = wrapper
-    this.historyContainer = historyContainer
-    const n = editorView.dom.parentNode.parentNode
-    n.parentNode.replaceChild(this.wrapper, n)
-    n.style['flex-grow'] = '1'
-    wrapper.insertBefore(n, this.wrapper.firstChild)
-    this.render()
-    const y = prosemirrorPluginKey.getState(this.editorView.state).y
-    const history = y.define('history', Y.Array)
-    history.observe(this.render.bind(this))
-  }
-  destroy () {
-    this.wrapper.parentNode.replaceChild(this.wrapper.firstChild, this.wrapper)
-    const y = prosemirrorPluginKey.getState(this.editorView.state).y
-    const history = y.define('history', Y.Array)
-    history.unobserve(this.render)
-  }
-  render () {
-    const y = prosemirrorPluginKey.getState(this.editorView.state).y
-    const history = y.define('history', Y.Array).toArray()
-    const fragment = document.createDocumentFragment()
-    const snapshotBtn = crel('button', { type: 'button' }, ['snapshot'])
-    fragment.insertBefore(snapshotBtn, null)
-    let _prevSnap = null // empty
-    snapshotBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
-      const awareness = y.getAwarenessInfo()
-      const userMap = new Map()
-      const aw = y.getLocalAwarenessInfo()
-      userMap.set(y.userID, aw.name || 'unknown')
-      awareness.forEach((a, userID) => {
-        userMap.set(userID, a.name || 'Unknown')
-      })
-      this.snapshot(userMap)
-    })
-    history.forEach(buf => {
-      const decoder = decoding.createDecoder(buf)
-      const snapshot = historyProtocol.readHistorySnapshot(decoder)
-      const date = new Date(decoding.readUint32(decoder) * 1000)
-      const restoreBtn = crel('button', { type: 'button' }, ['restore'])
-      const a = crel('a', [
-        '• ' + date.toUTCString(), restoreBtn
-      ])
-      const el = crel('div', [ a ])
-      let prevSnapshot = _prevSnap // rebind to new variable
-      restoreBtn.addEventListener('click', event => {
-        if (prevSnapshot === null) {
-          prevSnapshot = { ds: snapshot.ds, sm: new Map() }
-        }
-        this.editorView.dispatch(this.editorView.state.tr.setMeta(prosemirrorPluginKey, { snapshot, prevSnapshot, restore: true }))
-        event.stopPropagation()
-      })
-      a.addEventListener('click', () => {
-        console.log('setting snapshot')
-        if (prevSnapshot === null) {
-          prevSnapshot = { ds: snapshot.ds, sm: new Map() }
-        }
-        this.renderSnapshot(snapshot, prevSnapshot)
-      })
-      fragment.insertBefore(el, null)
-      _prevSnap = snapshot
-    })
-    this.historyContainer.innerHTML = ''
-    this.historyContainer.insertBefore(fragment, null)
-  }
-  renderSnapshot (snapshot, prevSnapshot) {
-    this.editorView.dispatch(this.editorView.state.tr.setMeta(prosemirrorPluginKey, { snapshot, prevSnapshot }))
-    /**
-     * @type {Array<string|null>}
-     */
-    let colors = niceColors.slice()
-    let style = ''
-    snapshot.userMap.forEach((name, userid) => {
-      /**
-       * @type {any}
-       */
-      const randInt = name.split('').map(s => s.charCodeAt(0)).reduce((a, b) => a + b)
-      let color = null
-      let i = 0
-      for (; i < colors.length && color === null; i++) {
-        color = colors[(randInt + i) % colors.length]
-      }
-      if (color === null) {
-        colors = niceColors.slice()
-        i = 0
-        color = colors[randInt % colors.length]
-      }
-      colors[randInt % colors.length] = null
-      style += createUserCSS(userid, name, color, color + '69')
-    })
-    this.userStyleContainer.innerHTML = style
-  }
-  /**
-   * @param {Map<number, string>} [updatedUserMap] Maps from userid (yjs model) to account name (e.g. mail address)
-   */
-  snapshot (updatedUserMap = new Map()) {
-    const y = prosemirrorPluginKey.getState(this.editorView.state).y
-    const history = y.define('history', Y.Array)
-    const encoder = encoding.createEncoder()
-    historyProtocol.writeHistorySnapshot(encoder, y, updatedUserMap)
-    encoding.writeUint32(encoder, Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000))
-    history.push([encoding.toBuffer(encoder)])
-  }
-}
--- a/examples/prosemirror-schema.js
+++ b/examples/prosemirror-schema.js
@@ -1,197 +0,0 @@
-import { Schema } from 'prosemirror-model'
-
-const brDOM = ['br']
-
-const calcYchangeDomAttrs = (attrs, domAttrs = {}) => {
-  domAttrs = Object.assign({}, domAttrs)
-  if (attrs.ychange !== null) {
-    domAttrs.ychange_user = attrs.ychange.user
-    domAttrs.ychange_state = attrs.ychange.state
-  }
-  return domAttrs
-}
-
-// :: Object
-// [Specs](#model.NodeSpec) for the nodes defined in this schema.
-export const nodes = {
-  // :: NodeSpec The top level document node.
-  doc: {
-    content: 'block+'
-  },
-
-  // :: NodeSpec A plain paragraph textblock. Represented in the DOM
-  // as a `<p>` element.
-  paragraph: {
-    attrs: { ychange: { default: null } },
-    content: 'inline*',
-    group: 'block',
-    parseDOM: [{ tag: 'p' }],
-    toDOM (node) { return ['p', calcYchangeDomAttrs(node.attrs), 0] }
-  },
-
-  // :: NodeSpec A blockquote (`<blockquote>`) wrapping one or more blocks.
-  blockquote: {
-    attrs: { ychange: { default: null } },
-    content: 'block+',
-    group: 'block',
-    defining: true,
-    parseDOM: [{ tag: 'blockquote' }],
-    toDOM (node) { return ['blockquote', calcYchangeDomAttrs(node.attrs), 0] }
-  },
-
-  // :: NodeSpec A horizontal rule (`<hr>`).
-  horizontal_rule: {
-    attrs: { ychange: { default: null } },
-    group: 'block',
-    parseDOM: [{ tag: 'hr' }],
-    toDOM (node) {
-      return ['hr', calcYchangeDomAttrs(node.attrs)]
-    }
-  },
-
-  // :: NodeSpec A heading textblock, with a `level` attribute that
-  // should hold the number 1 to 6. Parsed and serialized as `<h1>` to
-  // `<h6>` elements.
-  heading: {
-    attrs: {
-      level: { default: 1 },
-      ychange: { default: null }
-    },
-    content: 'inline*',
-    group: 'block',
-    defining: true,
-    parseDOM: [{ tag: 'h1', attrs: { level: 1 } },
-      { tag: 'h2', attrs: { level: 2 } },
-      { tag: 'h3', attrs: { level: 3 } },
-      { tag: 'h4', attrs: { level: 4 } },
-      { tag: 'h5', attrs: { level: 5 } },
-      { tag: 'h6', attrs: { level: 6 } }],
-    toDOM (node) { return ['h' + node.attrs.level, calcYchangeDomAttrs(node.attrs), 0] }
-  },
-
-  // :: NodeSpec A code listing. Disallows marks or non-text inline
-  // nodes by default. Represented as a `<pre>` element with a
-  // `<code>` element inside of it.
-  code_block: {
-    attrs: { ychange: { default: null } },
-    content: 'text*',
-    marks: '',
-    group: 'block',
-    code: true,
-    defining: true,
-    parseDOM: [{ tag: 'pre', preserveWhitespace: 'full' }],
-    toDOM (node) { return ['pre', calcYchangeDomAttrs(node.attrs), ['code', 0]] }
-  },
-
-  // :: NodeSpec The text node.
-  text: {
-    group: 'inline'
-  },
-
-  // :: NodeSpec An inline image (`<img>`) node. Supports `src`,
-  // `alt`, and `href` attributes. The latter two default to the empty
-  // string.
-  image: {
-    inline: true,
-    attrs: {
-      ychange: { default: null },
-      src: {},
-      alt: { default: null },
-      title: { default: null }
-    },
-    group: 'inline',
-    draggable: true,
-    parseDOM: [{ tag: 'img[src]',
-      getAttrs (dom) {
-        return {
-          src: dom.getAttribute('src'),
-          title: dom.getAttribute('title'),
-          alt: dom.getAttribute('alt')
-        }
-      } }],
-    toDOM (node) {
-      const domAttrs = {
-        src: node.attrs.src,
-        title: node.attrs.title,
-        alt: node.attrs.alt
-      }
-      return ['img', calcYchangeDomAttrs(node.attrs, domAttrs)]
-    }
-  },
-
-  // :: NodeSpec A hard line break, represented in the DOM as `<br>`.
-  hard_break: {
-    inline: true,
-    group: 'inline',
-    selectable: false,
-    parseDOM: [{ tag: 'br' }],
-    toDOM () { return brDOM }
-  }
-}
-
-const emDOM = ['em', 0]; const strongDOM = ['strong', 0]; const codeDOM = ['code', 0]
-
-// :: Object [Specs](#model.MarkSpec) for the marks in the schema.
-export const marks = {
-  // :: MarkSpec A link. Has `href` and `title` attributes. `title`
-  // defaults to the empty string. Rendered and parsed as an `<a>`
-  // element.
-  link: {
-    attrs: {
-      href: {},
-      title: { default: null }
-    },
-    inclusive: false,
-    parseDOM: [{ tag: 'a[href]',
-      getAttrs (dom) {
-        return { href: dom.getAttribute('href'), title: dom.getAttribute('title') }
-      } }],
-    toDOM (node) { return ['a', node.attrs, 0] }
-  },
-
-  // :: MarkSpec An emphasis mark. Rendered as an `<em>` element.
-  // Has parse rules that also match `<i>` and `font-style: italic`.
-  em: {
-    parseDOM: [{ tag: 'i' }, { tag: 'em' }, { style: 'font-style=italic' }],
-    toDOM () { return emDOM }
-  },
-
-  // :: MarkSpec A strong mark. Rendered as `<strong>`, parse rules
-  // also match `<b>` and `font-weight: bold`.
-  strong: {
-    parseDOM: [{ tag: 'strong' },
-      // This works around a Google Docs misbehavior where
-      // pasted content will be inexplicably wrapped in `<b>`
-      // tags with a font-weight normal.
-      { tag: 'b', getAttrs: node => node.style.fontWeight !== 'normal' && null },
-      { style: 'font-weight', getAttrs: value => /^(bold(er)?|[5-9]\d{2,})$/.test(value) && null }],
-    toDOM () { return strongDOM }
-  },
-
-  // :: MarkSpec Code font mark. Represented as a `<code>` element.
-  code: {
-    parseDOM: [{ tag: 'code' }],
-    toDOM () { return codeDOM }
-  },
-  ychange: {
-    attrs: {
-      user: { default: null },
-      state: { default: null }
-    },
-    inclusive: false,
-    parseDOM: [{ tag: 'ychange' }],
-    toDOM (node) {
-      return ['ychange', { ychange_user: node.attrs.user, ychange_state: node.attrs.state }, 0]
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-// :: Schema
-// This schema rougly corresponds to the document schema used by
-// [CommonMark](http://commonmark.org/), minus the list elements,
-// which are defined in the [`prosemirror-schema-list`](#schema-list)
-// module.
-//
-// To reuse elements from this schema, extend or read from its
-// `spec.nodes` and `spec.marks` [properties](#model.Schema.spec).
-export const schema = new Schema({ nodes, marks })
--- a/examples/prosemirror.css
+++ b/examples/prosemirror.css
@@ -1,330 +0,0 @@
-.ProseMirror {
-  position: relative;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror {
-  word-wrap: break-word;
-  white-space: pre-wrap;
-  -webkit-font-variant-ligatures: none;
-  font-variant-ligatures: none;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror pre {
-  white-space: pre-wrap;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror li {
-  position: relative;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-hideselection *::selection { background: transparent; }
-.ProseMirror-hideselection *::-moz-selection { background: transparent; }
-.ProseMirror-hideselection { caret-color: transparent; }
-
-.ProseMirror-selectednode {
-  outline: 2px solid #8cf;
-}
-
-/* Make sure li selections wrap around markers */
-
-li.ProseMirror-selectednode {
-  outline: none;
-}
-
-li.ProseMirror-selectednode:after {
-  content: "";
-  position: absolute;
-  left: -32px;
-  right: -2px; top: -2px; bottom: -2px;
-  border: 2px solid #8cf;
-  pointer-events: none;
-}
-.ProseMirror-textblock-dropdown {
-  min-width: 3em;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-menu {
-  margin: 0 -4px;
-  line-height: 1;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-tooltip .ProseMirror-menu {
-  width: -webkit-fit-content;
-  width: fit-content;
-  white-space: pre;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-menuitem {
-  margin-right: 3px;
-  display: inline-block;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-menuseparator {
-  border-right: 1px solid #ddd;
-  margin-right: 3px;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-menu-dropdown, .ProseMirror-menu-dropdown-menu {
-  font-size: 90%;
-  white-space: nowrap;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-menu-dropdown {
-  vertical-align: 1px;
-  cursor: pointer;
-  position: relative;
-  padding-right: 15px;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-menu-dropdown-wrap {
-  padding: 1px 0 1px 4px;
-  display: inline-block;
-  position: relative;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-menu-dropdown:after {
-  content: "";
-  border-left: 4px solid transparent;
-  border-right: 4px solid transparent;
-  border-top: 4px solid currentColor;
-  opacity: .6;
-  position: absolute;
-  right: 4px;
-  top: calc(50% - 2px);
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-menu-dropdown-menu, .ProseMirror-menu-submenu {
-  position: absolute;
-  background: white;
-  color: #666;
-  border: 1px solid #aaa;
-  padding: 2px;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-menu-dropdown-menu {
-  z-index: 15;
-  min-width: 6em;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-menu-dropdown-item {
-  cursor: pointer;
-  padding: 2px 8px 2px 4px;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-menu-dropdown-item:hover {
-  background: #f2f2f2;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-menu-submenu-wrap {
-  position: relative;
-  margin-right: -4px;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-menu-submenu-label:after {
-  content: "";
-  border-top: 4px solid transparent;
-  border-bottom: 4px solid transparent;
-  border-left: 4px solid currentColor;
-  opacity: .6;
-  position: absolute;
-  right: 4px;
-  top: calc(50% - 4px);
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-menu-submenu {
-  display: none;
-  min-width: 4em;
-  left: 100%;
-  top: -3px;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-menu-active {
-  background: #eee;
-  border-radius: 4px;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-menu-active {
-  background: #eee;
-  border-radius: 4px;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-menu-disabled {
-  opacity: .3;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-menu-submenu-wrap:hover .ProseMirror-menu-submenu, .ProseMirror-menu-submenu-wrap-active .ProseMirror-menu-submenu {
-  display: block;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-menubar {
-  border-top-left-radius: inherit;
-  border-top-right-radius: inherit;
-  position: relative;
-  min-height: 1em;
-  color: #666;
-  padding: 1px 6px;
-  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
-  border-bottom: 1px solid silver;
-  background: white;
-  z-index: 10;
-  -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
-  box-sizing: border-box;
-  overflow: visible;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-icon {
-  display: inline-block;
-  line-height: .8;
-  vertical-align: -2px; /* Compensate for padding */
-  padding: 2px 8px;
-  cursor: pointer;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-menu-disabled.ProseMirror-icon {
-  cursor: default;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-icon svg {
-  fill: currentColor;
-  height: 1em;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-icon span {
-  vertical-align: text-top;
-}
-.ProseMirror-gapcursor {
-  display: none;
-  pointer-events: none;
-  position: absolute;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-gapcursor:after {
-  content: "";
-  display: block;
-  position: absolute;
-  top: -2px;
-  width: 20px;
-  border-top: 1px solid black;
-  animation: ProseMirror-cursor-blink 1.1s steps(2, start) infinite;
-}
-
-@keyframes ProseMirror-cursor-blink {
-  to {
-    visibility: hidden;
-  }
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-focused .ProseMirror-gapcursor {
-  display: block;
-}
-/* Add space around the hr to make clicking it easier */
-
-.ProseMirror-example-setup-style hr {
-  padding: 2px 10px;
-  border: none;
-  margin: 1em 0;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-example-setup-style hr:after {
-  content: "";
-  display: block;
-  height: 1px;
-  background-color: silver;
-  line-height: 2px;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror ul, .ProseMirror ol {
-  padding-left: 30px;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror blockquote {
-  padding-left: 1em;
-  border-left: 3px solid #eee;
-  margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-example-setup-style img {
-  cursor: default;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-prompt {
-  background: white;
-  padding: 5px 10px 5px 15px;
-  border: 1px solid silver;
-  position: fixed;
-  border-radius: 3px;
-  z-index: 11;
-  box-shadow: -.5px 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2);
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-prompt h5 {
-  margin: 0;
-  font-weight: normal;
-  font-size: 100%;
-  color: #444;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-prompt input[type="text"],
-.ProseMirror-prompt textarea {
-  background: #eee;
-  border: none;
-  outline: none;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-prompt input[type="text"] {
-  padding: 0 4px;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-prompt-close {
-  position: absolute;
-  left: 2px; top: 1px;
-  color: #666;
-  border: none; background: transparent; padding: 0;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-prompt-close:after {
-  content: "✕";
-  font-size: 12px;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-invalid {
-  background: #ffc;
-  border: 1px solid #cc7;
-  border-radius: 4px;
-  padding: 5px 10px;
-  position: absolute;
-  min-width: 10em;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror-prompt-buttons {
-  margin-top: 5px;
-  display: none;
-}
-#editor, .editor {
-  background: white;
-  color: black;
-  background-clip: padding-box;
-  border-radius: 4px;
-  border: 2px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
-  padding: 5px 0;
-  margin-bottom: 23px;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror p:first-child,
-.ProseMirror h1:first-child,
-.ProseMirror h2:first-child,
-.ProseMirror h3:first-child,
-.ProseMirror h4:first-child,
-.ProseMirror h5:first-child,
-.ProseMirror h6:first-child {
-  margin-top: 10px;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror {
-  padding: 4px 8px 4px 14px;
-  line-height: 1.2;
-  outline: none;
-}
-
-.ProseMirror p { margin-bottom: 1em }
-
--- a/examples/prosemirror.html
+++ b/examples/prosemirror.html
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
-<head>
-    <title>Yjs Prosemirror Example</title>
-    <link rel=stylesheet href="./prosemirror.css">
-    <style>
-      placeholder {
-        display: inline;
-        border: 1px solid #ccc;
-        color: #ccc;
-      }
-      placeholder:after {
-        content: "☁";
-        font-size: 200%;
-        line-height: 0.1;
-        font-weight: bold;
-      }
-      .ProseMirror img { max-width: 100px }
-      /* this is a rough fix for the first cursor position when the first paragraph is empty */
-      .ProseMirror > .ProseMirror-yjs-cursor:first-child {
-        margin-top: 16px;
-      }
-      .ProseMirror p:first-child, .ProseMirror h1:first-child, .ProseMirror h2:first-child, .ProseMirror h3:first-child, .ProseMirror h4:first-child, .ProseMirror h5:first-child, .ProseMirror h6:first-child {
-        margin-top: 16px
-      }
-      .ProseMirror-yjs-cursor {
-        position: absolute;
-        border-left: black;
-        border-left-style: solid;
-        border-left-width: 2px;
-        border-color: orange;
-        height: 1em;
-        word-break: normal;
-      }
-      .ProseMirror-yjs-cursor > div {
-        position: relative;
-        top: -1.05em;
-        font-size: 13px;
-        background-color: rgb(250, 129, 0);
-        font-family: serif;
-        font-style: normal;
-        font-weight: normal;
-        line-height: normal;
-        user-select: none;
-        color: white;
-        padding-left: 2px;
-        padding-right: 2px;
-      }
-      [ychange_state] {
-        position: relative;
-      }
-      [ychange_state]:hover::before {
-        content: attr(ychange_user);
-        background-color: #fa8100;
-        position: absolute;
-        top: -14px;
-        right: 0;
-        font-size: 12px;
-        padding: 0 2px;
-        border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;
-        color: #fdfdfe;
-        user-select: none;
-        word-break: normal;
-      }
-      *[ychange_state='added'] {
-        background-color: #fa810069;
-      }
-      ychange[ychange_state='removed'] {
-        color: rgb(250, 129, 0);
-        text-decoration: line-through;
-      }
-      *:not(ychange)[ychange_state='removed'] {
-        background-color: #ff9494c9;
-        text-decoration: line-through;
-      }
-      img[ychange_state='removed'] {
-        padding: 2px;
-      }
-    </style>
-</head>
-<body>
-  <p>This example shows how to bind a YXmlFragment type to a <a href="http://prosemirror.net">Prosemirror</a> editor.</p>
-  <p>The content of this editor is shared with every client who visits this domain.</p>
-  <div class="code-html">
-
-<div id="editor" style="margin-bottom: 23px"></div>
-<div style="display: none" id="content"></div>
-  </div>
-  <!-- The actual source file for the following code is found in ./prosemirror.js. Run `npm run watch` to compile the files -->
-  <script class="code-js" src="./build/prosemirror.js" type="module">
-import * as Y from 'yjs'
-import { WebsocketProvider } from 'yjs/provider/websocket.js'
-import { prosemirrorPlugin, cursorPlugin } from 'yjs/bindings/prosemirror'
-
-import * as conf from './exampleConfig.js'
-
-import { EditorState } from 'prosemirror-state'
-import { EditorView } from 'prosemirror-view'
-import { DOMParser } from 'prosemirror-model'
-import { schema } from 'prosemirror-schema-basic'
-import { exampleSetup } from 'prosemirror-example-setup'
-
-const provider = new WebsocketProvider(conf.serverAddress)
-const ydocument = provider.get('prosemirror')
-const type = ydocument.define('prosemirror', Y.XmlFragment)
-
-const prosemirrorView = new EditorView(document.querySelector('#editor'), {
-  state: EditorState.create({
-    doc: DOMParser.fromSchema(schema).parse(document.querySelector('#content')),
-    plugins: exampleSetup({schema}).concat([prosemirrorPlugin(type), cursorPlugin])
-  })
-})
-
-window.example = { provider, ydocument, type, prosemirrorView }
-  </script>
-</body>
-</html>
--- a/examples/prosemirror.js
+++ b/examples/prosemirror.js
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-import * as Y from 'yjs'
-import { WebsocketProvider } from 'y-websocket'
-import { prosemirrorPlugin, cursorPlugin } from 'y-prosemirror'
-
-import * as conf from './exampleConfig.js'
-
-import { EditorState } from 'prosemirror-state'
-import { EditorView } from 'prosemirror-view'
-import { DOMParser } from 'prosemirror-model'
-import { schema } from './prosemirror-schema.js'
-import { exampleSetup } from 'prosemirror-example-setup'
-// import { noteHistoryPlugin } from './prosemirror-history.js'
-
-const provider = new WebsocketProvider(conf.serverAddress)
-const ydocument = provider.get('prosemirror', { gc: false })
-const type = ydocument.define('prosemirror', Y.XmlFragment)
-
-const prosemirrorView = new EditorView(document.querySelector('#editor'), {
-  state: EditorState.create({
-    doc: DOMParser.fromSchema(schema).parse(document.querySelector('#content')),
-    plugins: exampleSetup({ schema }).concat([prosemirrorPlugin(type), cursorPlugin])
-  })
-})
-
-window.example = { provider, ydocument, type, prosemirrorView }
--- a/examples/quill.html
+++ b/examples/quill.html
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
-<head>
-    <title>Yjs Quill Example</title>
-    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.quilljs.com/1.3.6/quill.snow.css">
-  </head>
-<body>
-  <p>This example shows how to bind a YText type to <a href="https://quilljs.com">Quill</a> editor.</p>
-  <p>The content of this editor is shared with every client who visits this domain.</p>
-  <div class="code-html">
-<div id="quill-container">
-  <div id="quill">
-  </div>
-</div>
-  </div>
-  <!-- The actual source file for the following code is found in ./quill.js. Run `npm run watch` to compile the files -->
-  <script class="code-js" src="./build/quill.js" type="module">
-import * as Y from 'yjs'
-import { WebsocketProvider } from 'yjs/provider/websocket.js'
-import { QuillBinding } from 'yjs/bindings/quill.js'
-
-import * as conf from './exampleConfig.js'
-
-import Quill from 'quill'
-
-const provider = new WebsocketProvider(conf.serverAddress)
-const ydocument = provider.get('quill')
-const ytext = ydocument.define('quill', Y.Text)
-
-const quill = new Quill('#quill-container', {
-  modules: {
-    toolbar: [
-      [{ header: [1, 2, false] }],
-      ['bold', 'italic', 'underline'],
-      ['image', 'code-block'],
-      [{ color: [] }, { background: [] }], // Snow theme fills in values
-      [{ script: 'sub' }, { script: 'super' }],
-      ['link', 'image'],
-      ['link', 'code-block'],
-      [{ list: 'ordered' }, { list: 'bullet' }]
-    ]
-  },
-  placeholder: 'Compose an epic...',
-  theme: 'snow' // or 'bubble'
-})
-
-window.quillBinding = new QuillBinding(ytext, quill)
-
-  </script>
-</body>
-</html>
--- a/examples/quill.js
+++ b/examples/quill.js
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-import * as Y from '../src/index.js'
-import { WebsocketProvider } from 'y-websocket'
-import { QuillBinding } from 'y-quill'
-
-import * as conf from './exampleConfig.js'
-
-import Quill from 'quill'
-
-const provider = new WebsocketProvider(conf.serverAddress)
-const ydocument = provider.get('quill')
-const ytext = ydocument.define('quill', Y.Text)
-
-const quill = new Quill('#quill-container', {
-  modules: {
-    toolbar: [
-      [{ header: [1, 2, false] }],
-      ['bold', 'italic', 'underline'],
-      ['image', 'code-block'],
-      [{ color: [] }, { background: [] }], // Snow theme fills in values
-      [{ script: 'sub' }, { script: 'super' }],
-      ['link', 'image'],
-      ['link', 'code-block'],
-      [{ list: 'ordered' }, { list: 'bullet' }]
-    ]
-  },
-  placeholder: 'Compose an epic...',
-  theme: 'snow' // or 'bubble'
-})
-
-window.quillBinding = new QuillBinding(ytext, quill)
--- a/examples/quill/index.html
+++ b/examples/quill/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+  <!-- quill does not include dist files! We are using the hosted version instead -->
+  <!--link rel="stylesheet" href="../bower_components/quill/dist/quill.snow.css" /-->
+  <link href="https://cdn.quilljs.com/1.0.4/quill.snow.css" rel="stylesheet">
+  <link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.5.1/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
+  <link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.2.0/styles/monokai-sublime.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
+  <style>
+    #quill-container {
+      border: 1px solid gray;
+      box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px gray;
+    }
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <div id="quill-container">
+    <div id="quill">
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.5.1/katex.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
+  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.2.0/highlight.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
+  <script src="https://cdn.quilljs.com/1.0.4/quill.js"></script>
+  <!-- quill does not include dist files! We are using the hosted version instead (see above)
+  <script src="../bower_components/quill/dist/quill.js"></script>
+  -->
+  <script src="../../y.js"></script>
+  <script src="../../../y-array/y-array.js"></script>
+  <script src="../../../y-richtext/dist/y-richtext.js"></script>
+  <script src="../../../y-memory/y-memory.js"></script>
+  <script src="../../../y-websockets-client/y-websockets-client.js"></script>
+  <script src="./index.js"></script>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/examples/quill/index.js
+++ b/examples/quill/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/* global Y, Quill */
+
+// initialize a shared object. This function call returns a promise!
+
+Y({
+  db: {
+    name: 'memory'
+  },
+  connector: {
+    name: 'websockets-client',
+    room: 'richtext-example-quill-1.0-test',
+    url: 'http://localhost:1234'
+  },
+  sourceDir: '/bower_components',
+  share: {
+    richtext: 'Richtext' // y.share.richtext is of type Y.Richtext
+  }
+}).then(function (y) {
+  window.yQuill = y
+
+  // create quill element
+  window.quill = new Quill('#quill', {
+    modules: {
+      formula: true,
+      syntax: true,
+      toolbar: [
+        [{ size: ['small', false, 'large', 'huge'] }],
+        ['bold', 'italic', 'underline'],
+        [{ color: [] }, { background: [] }],    // Snow theme fills in values
+        [{ script: 'sub' }, { script: 'super' }],
+        ['link', 'image'],
+        ['link', 'code-block'],
+        [{ list: 'ordered' }]
+      ]
+    },
+    theme: 'snow'
+  })
+  // bind quill to richtext type
+  y.share.richtext.bind(window.quill)
+})
--- a/examples/rollup.config.js
+++ b/examples/rollup.config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import nodeResolve from 'rollup-plugin-node-resolve'
+import commonjs from 'rollup-plugin-commonjs'
+
+var pkg = require('./package.json')
+
+export default {
+  entry: 'yjs-dist.esm',
+  dest: 'yjs-dist.js',
+  moduleName: 'Y',
+  format: 'umd',
+  plugins: [
+    nodeResolve({
+      main: true,
+      module: true,
+      browser: true
+    }),
+    commonjs()
+  ],
+  sourceMap: true,
+  banner: `
+/**
+ * ${pkg.name} - ${pkg.description}
+ * @version v${pkg.version}
+ * @license ${pkg.license}
+ */
+`
+}
--- a/examples/serviceworker/index.html
+++ b/examples/serviceworker/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+  <!-- quill does not include dist files! We are using the hosted version instead -->
+  <!--link rel="stylesheet" href="../bower_components/quill/dist/quill.snow.css" /-->
+  <link href="https://cdn.quilljs.com/1.0.4/quill.snow.css" rel="stylesheet">
+  <link href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.5.1/katex.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
+  <link href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.2.0/styles/monokai-sublime.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
+  <style>
+    #quill-container {
+      border: 1px solid gray;
+      box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px gray;
+    }
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <div id="quill-container">
+    <div id="quill">
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.5.1/katex.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
+  <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.2.0/highlight.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
+  <script src="https://cdn.quilljs.com/1.0.4/quill.js"></script>
+  <!-- quill does not include dist files! We are using the hosted version instead (see above)
+  <script src="../bower_components/quill/dist/quill.js"></script>
+  -->
+  <script src="../bower_components/yjs/y.js"></script>
+  <script src="./index.js"></script>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/examples/serviceworker/index.js
+++ b/examples/serviceworker/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/* global Y, Quill */
+
+// register yjs service worker
+if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) {
+  // Register service worker
+  // it is important to copy yjs-sw-template to the root directory!
+  navigator.serviceWorker.register('./yjs-sw-template.js').then(function (reg) {
+    console.log('Yjs service worker registration succeeded. Scope is ' + reg.scope)
+  }).catch(function (err) {
+    console.error('Yjs service worker registration failed with error ' + err)
+  })
+}
+
+// initialize a shared object. This function call returns a promise!
+Y({
+  db: {
+    name: 'memory'
+  },
+  connector: {
+    name: 'serviceworker',
+    room: 'ServiceWorkerExample2'
+  },
+  sourceDir: '/bower_components',
+  share: {
+    richtext: 'Richtext' // y.share.richtext is of type Y.Richtext
+  }
+}).then(function (y) {
+  window.yServiceWorker = y
+
+  // create quill element
+  window.quill = new Quill('#quill', {
+    modules: {
+      formula: true,
+      syntax: true,
+      toolbar: [
+        [{ size: ['small', false, 'large', 'huge'] }],
+        ['bold', 'italic', 'underline'],
+        [{ color: [] }, { background: [] }],    // Snow theme fills in values
+        [{ script: 'sub' }, { script: 'super' }],
+        ['link', 'image'],
+        ['link', 'code-block'],
+        [{ list: 'ordered' }]
+      ]
+    },
+    theme: 'snow'
+  })
+  // bind quill to richtext type
+  y.share.richtext.bind(window.quill)
+})
--- a/examples/serviceworker/yjs-sw-template.js
+++ b/examples/serviceworker/yjs-sw-template.js
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/* eslint-env worker */
+
+// copy and modify this file
+
+self.DBConfig = {
+  name: 'indexeddb'
+}
+self.ConnectorConfig = {
+  name: 'websockets-client',
+  // url: '..',
+  options: {
+    jsonp: false
+  }
+}
+
+importScripts(
+  '/bower_components/yjs/y.js',
+  '/bower_components/y-memory/y-memory.js',
+  '/bower_components/y-indexeddb/y-indexeddb.js',
+  '/bower_components/y-websockets-client/y-websockets-client.js',
+  '/bower_components/y-serviceworker/yjs-sw-include.js'
+)
--- a/examples/style.css
+++ b/examples/style.css
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-footer img {
-  display: none;
-}
-
-nav .title h1 a {
-  display: none;
-}
-
-footer {
-  background-color: #b93c1d;
-}
-
-#resizer {
-  background-color: #b93c1d;
-}
-
-.main section article.readme h1:first-child img {
-  display: none;
-}
-
-.main section article.readme h1:first-child {
-  margin-bottom: 16px;
-  margin-top: 30px;
-}
-
-.main section article.readme h1:first-child::before {
-  content: "Yjs";
-  font-size: 2em;
-}
--- a/examples/textarea.html
+++ b/examples/textarea.html
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
-<head>
-    <title>Yjs Textarea Example</title>
-</head>
-<body>
-  <p>This example shows how to bind a YText type to a DOM Textarea.</p>
-  <p>The content of this textarea is shared with every client who visits this domain.</p>
-  <div class="code-html">
-
-<textarea style="width:80%;" rows=40 autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"></textarea>
-  </div>
-  <!-- The actual source file for the following code is found in ./textarea.js. Run `npm run watch` to compile the files -->
-  <script class="code-js" src="./build/textarea.js" type="module">
-import * as Y from 'yjs'
-import { WebsocketProvider } from 'yjs/provider/websocket.js'
-import { TextareaBinding } from 'yjs/bindings/textarea.js'
-
-import * as conf from './exampleConfig.js'
-
-const provider = new WebsocketProvider(conf.serverAddress)
-const ydocument = provider.get('textarea')
-const type = ydocument.define('textarea', Y.Text)
-const textarea = document.querySelector('textarea')
-const binding = new TextareaBinding(type, textarea)
-
-window.textareaExample = {
-  provider, ydocument, type, textarea, binding
-}
-  </script>
-</body>
-</html>
--- a/examples/textarea.js
+++ b/examples/textarea.js
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-import { WebsocketProvider } from 'y-websocket'
-import { TextareaBinding } from 'y-textarea'
-
-import * as conf from './exampleConfig.js'
-
-const provider = new WebsocketProvider(conf.serverAddress)
-const ydocument = provider.get('textarea')
-const type = ydocument.getText('textarea')
-const textarea = document.querySelector('textarea')
-const binding = new TextareaBinding(type, textarea)
-
-window.textareaExample = {
-  provider, ydocument, type, textarea, binding
-}
--- a/examples/textarea/index.html
+++ b/examples/textarea/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<body>
+  <textarea style="width:80%;" rows=40 id="textfield" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"></textarea>
+  <script src="../../y.js"></script>
+  <script src="../../../y-array/y-array.js"></script>
+  <script src="../../../y-text/y-text.js"></script>
+  <script src="../../../y-websockets-client/y-websockets-client.js"></script>
+  <script src="./index.js"></script>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/examples/textarea/index.js
+++ b/examples/textarea/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/* global Y */
+
+// initialize a shared object. This function call returns a promise!
+Y({
+  db: {
+    name: 'memory'
+  },
+  connector: {
+    name: 'websockets-client',
+    room: 'Textarea-example2',
+    // url: '//localhost:1234',
+    url: 'https://yjs-v13.herokuapp.com/'
+  },
+  share: {
+    textarea: 'Text'
+  },
+  timeout: 5000 // reject if no connection was established within 5 seconds
+}).then(function (y) {
+  window.yTextarea = y
+
+  // bind the textarea to a shared text element
+  y.share.textarea.bind(document.getElementById('textfield'))
+})
--- a/examples/xml/index.html
+++ b/examples/xml/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+</head>
+  <!-- jquery is not required for y-xml. It is just here for convenience, and to test batch operations. -->
+  <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
+  <script src="../yjs-dist.js"></script>
+  <script src="./index.js"></script>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <h1> Shared DOM Example </h1>
+  <p> Use native DOM function or jQuery to manipulate the shared DOM (window.sharedDom). </p>
+  <div class="command">
+    <button type="button">Execute</button>
+    <input type="text" value='$(sharedDom).append("<h3>Appended headline</h3>")' size="40"/>
+  </div>
+  <div class="command">
+    <button type="button">Execute</button>
+    <input type="text" value='$(sharedDom).attr("align","right")' size="40"/>
+  </div>
+  <div class="command">
+    <button type="button">Execute</button>
+    <input type="text" value='$(sharedDom).attr("style","color:blue;")' size="40"/>
+  </div>
+
+  <script>
+    var commands = document.querySelectorAll(".command");
+    Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.querySelectorAll('.command'), function (command) {
+      var execute = function(){
+        eval(command.querySelector("input").value);
+      }
+      command.querySelector("button").onclick = execute
+      $(command.querySelector("input")).keyup(function (e) {
+        if (e.keyCode == 13) {
+          execute()
+        }
+      })
+    })
+  </script>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/examples/xml/index.js
+++ b/examples/xml/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/* global Y */
+
+// initialize a shared object. This function call returns a promise!
+Y({
+  db: {
+    name: 'memory'
+  },
+  connector: {
+    name: 'websockets-client',
+    // url: 'http://127.0.0.1:1234',
+    url: 'http://192.168.178.81:1234',
+    room: 'Xml-example'
+  },
+  sourceDir: '/bower_components',
+  share: {
+    xml: 'Xml("p")' // y.share.xml is of type Y.Xml with tagname "p"
+  }
+}).then(function (y) {
+  window.yXml = y
+  // bind xml type to a dom, and put it in body
+  window.sharedDom = y.share.xml.getDom()
+  document.body.appendChild(window.sharedDom)
+})
--- a/examples/yjs-dist.esm
+++ b/examples/yjs-dist.esm
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+import Y from '../src/Y.js'
+import yWebsocketsClient from '../../y-websockets-client/src/y-websockets-client.js'
+
+Y.extend(yWebsocketsClient)
+
+export default Y
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,41 +1,26 @@
 {
  "name": "yjs",
-  "version": "13.0.0-78",
-  "description": "A ",
-  "main": "./dist/yjs.js",
-  "module": "./dist/yjs.mjs'",
-  "sideEffects": false,
+  "version": "13.0.0-30",
+  "description": "A framework for real-time p2p shared editing on any data",
+  "main": "./y.node.js",
+  "browser": "./y.js",
+  "module": "./src/y.js",
  "scripts": {
-    "test": "npm run dist && PRODUCTION=1 node ./dist/tests.js --repitition-time 50 --production",
-    "test-exhaustive": "npm run lint && npm run dist && node ./dist/tests.js --repitition-time 10000",
-    "dist": "rm -rf dist examples/build && rollup -c",
-    "watch": "rollup -wc",
-    "lint": "standard && tsc",
-    "docs": "rm -rf docs; jsdoc --configure ./.jsdoc.json --verbose --readme ./README.v13.md --package ./package.json || true",
-    "serve-docs": "npm run docs && serve ./docs/",
-    "postversion": "npm run lint && PRODUCTION=1 npm run dist && node ./dist/tests.js --repitition-time 1000",
-    "debug": "concurrently 'live-server --port=3443 --entry-file=test.html' 'npm run watch'",
-    "trace-deopt": "clear && rollup -c  && node --trace-deopt dist/test.js",
-    "trace-opt": "clear && rollup -c  && node --trace-opt dist/test.js"
+    "test": "npm run lint",
+    "debug": "concurrently 'rollup -wc rollup.test.js' 'cutest-serve y.test.js -o'",
+    "lint": "standard",
+    "dist": "rollup -c rollup.browser.js; rollup -c rollup.node.js",
+    "watch": "concurrently 'rollup -wc rollup.browser.js' 'rollup -wc rollup.node.js'",
+    "postversion": "npm run dist",
+    "postpublish": "tag-dist-files --overwrite-existing-tag"
  },
  "files": [
-    "dist/*",
-    "examples/*",
-    "docs/*",
-    "README.md",
-    "LICENSE"
+    "y.*"
  ],
-  "dictionaries": {
-    "doc": "docs",
-    "example": "examples",
-    "test": "tests"
-  },
  "standard": {
    "ignore": [
-      "/dist",
-      "/node_modules",
-      "/docs",
-      "/examples/build"
+      "/y.js",
+      "/y.js.map"
    ]
  },
  "repository": {
@@ -43,7 +28,13 @@
    "url": "https://github.com/y-js/yjs.git"
  },
  "keywords": [
-    "crdt"
+    "Yjs",
+    "OT",
+    "Collaboration",
+    "Synchronization",
+    "ShareJS",
+    "Coweb",
+    "Concurrency"
  ],
  "author": "Kevin Jahns",
  "email": "kevin.jahns@rwth-aachen.de",
@@ -52,29 +43,30 @@
    "url": "https://github.com/y-js/yjs/issues"
  },
  "homepage": "http://y-js.org",
-  "dependencies": {
-    "lib0": "0.0.0"
-  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "codemirror": "^5.42.0",
-    "concurrently": "^3.6.1",
-    "esdoc": "^1.1.0",
-    "esdoc-standard-plugin": "^1.0.0",
-    "jsdoc": "^3.5.5",
-    "live-server": "^1.2.1",
-    "prosemirror-example-setup": "^1.0.1",
-    "prosemirror-schema-basic": "^1.0.0",
-    "prosemirror-state": "^1.2.2",
-    "prosemirror-view": "^1.6.5",
-    "quill": "^1.3.6",
-    "quill-cursors": "^1.0.3",
-    "rollup": "^1.1.2",
-    "rollup-cli": "^1.0.9",
-    "rollup-plugin-commonjs": "^9.2.0",
-    "rollup-plugin-node-resolve": "^4.0.0",
-    "rollup-plugin-terser": "^4.0.4",
-    "standard": "^11.0.1",
-    "tui-jsdoc-template": "^1.2.2",
-    "typescript": "^3.3.3333"
+    "babel-cli": "^6.24.1",
+    "babel-plugin-external-helpers": "^6.22.0",
+    "babel-plugin-transform-regenerator": "^6.24.1",
+    "babel-plugin-transform-runtime": "^6.23.0",
+    "babel-preset-latest": "^6.24.1",
+    "chance": "^1.0.9",
+    "concurrently": "^3.4.0",
+    "cutest": "^0.1.9",
+    "rollup-plugin-babel": "^2.7.1",
+    "rollup-plugin-commonjs": "^8.0.2",
+    "rollup-plugin-inject": "^2.0.0",
+    "rollup-plugin-multi-entry": "^2.0.1",
+    "rollup-plugin-node-resolve": "^3.0.0",
+    "rollup-plugin-uglify": "^1.0.2",
+    "rollup-regenerator-runtime": "^6.23.1",
+    "rollup-watch": "^3.2.2",
+    "standard": "^10.0.2",
+    "tag-dist-files": "^0.1.6"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "debug": "^2.6.8",
+    "fast-diff": "^1.1.2",
+    "utf-8": "^1.0.0",
+    "utf8": "^2.1.2"
  }
 }
--- a/rollup.browser.js
+++ b/rollup.browser.js
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import babel from 'rollup-plugin-babel'
+import uglify from 'rollup-plugin-uglify'
+import nodeResolve from 'rollup-plugin-node-resolve'
+import commonjs from 'rollup-plugin-commonjs'
+var pkg = require('./package.json')
+
+export default {
+  input: 'src/Y.js',
+  name: 'Y',
+  sourcemap: true,
+  output: {
+    file: 'y.js',
+    format: 'umd'
+  },
+  plugins: [
+    nodeResolve({
+      main: true,
+      module: true,
+      browser: true
+    }),
+    commonjs(),
+    babel(),
+    uglify({
+      mangle: {
+        except: ['YMap', 'Y', 'YArray', 'YText', 'YXmlFragment', 'YXmlElement', 'YXmlEvent', 'YXmlText', 'YEvent', 'YArrayEvent', 'YMapEvent', 'Type', 'Delete', 'ItemJSON', 'ItemString', 'Item']
+      },
+      output: {
+        comments: function (node, comment) {
+          var text = comment.value
+          var type = comment.type
+          if (type === 'comment2') {
+            // multiline comment
+            return /@license/i.test(text)
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    })
+  ],
+  banner: `
+/**
+ * ${pkg.name} - ${pkg.description}
+ * @version v${pkg.version}
+ * @license ${pkg.license}
+ */
+`
+}
--- a/rollup.config.js
+++ b/rollup.config.js
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-import nodeResolve from 'rollup-plugin-node-resolve'
-import commonjs from 'rollup-plugin-commonjs'
-import { terser } from 'rollup-plugin-terser'
-
-const customModules = new Set([
-  'y-websocket',
-  'y-codemirror',
-  'y-ace',
-  'y-textarea',
-  'y-quill',
-  'y-dom',
-  'y-prosemirror'
-])
-/**
- * @type {Set<any>}
- */
-const customLibModules = new Set([
-  'lib0',
-  'y-protocols'
-])
-const debugResolve = {
-  resolveId (importee) {
-    if (importee === 'yjs') {
-      return `${process.cwd()}/src/index.js`
-    }
-    if (customModules.has(importee.split('/')[0])) {
-      return `${process.cwd()}/../${importee}/src/${importee}.js`
-    }
-    if (customLibModules.has(importee.split('/')[0])) {
-      return `${process.cwd()}/../${importee}`
-    }
-    return null
-  }
-}
-
-const minificationPlugins = process.env.PRODUCTION ? [terser({
-  module: true,
-  compress: {
-    hoist_vars: true,
-    module: true,
-    passes: 5,
-    pure_getters: true,
-    unsafe_comps: true,
-    unsafe_undefined: true
-  },
-  mangle: {
-    toplevel: true
-  }
-})] : []
-
-export default [{
-  input: './src/index.js',
-  output: [{
-    name: 'Y',
-    file: 'dist/yjs.js',
-    format: 'cjs',
-    sourcemap: true,
-    paths: path => {
-      if (/^lib0\//.test(path)) {
-        return `lib0/dist/${path.slice(5)}`
-      }
-      return path
-    }
-  }, {
-    name: 'Y',
-    file: 'dist/yjs.mjs',
-    format: 'es',
-    sourcemap: true
-  }],
-  external: id => /^lib0\//.test(id)
-}, {
-  input: './tests/index.js',
-  output: {
-    name: 'test',
-    file: 'dist/tests.js',
-    format: 'iife',
-    sourcemap: true
-  },
-  plugins: [
-    debugResolve,
-    nodeResolve({
-      sourcemap: true,
-      module: true,
-      browser: true
-    }),
-    commonjs()
-  ]
-}, {
-  input: ['./examples/codemirror.js', './examples/textarea.js'], // './examples/quill.js', './examples/dom.js', './examples/prosemirror.js'
-  output: {
-    dir: 'examples/build',
-    format: 'esm',
-    sourcemap: true
-  },
-  plugins: [
-    debugResolve,
-    nodeResolve({
-      sourcemap: true,
-      module: true,
-      browser: true
-    }),
-    commonjs(),
-    ...minificationPlugins
-  ]
-}]
--- a/rollup.node.js
+++ b/rollup.node.js
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import nodeResolve from 'rollup-plugin-node-resolve'
+import commonjs from 'rollup-plugin-commonjs'
+var pkg = require('./package.json')
+
+export default {
+  input: 'src/y-dist.cjs.js',
+  nameame: 'Y',
+  sourcemap: true,
+  output: {
+    file: 'y.node.js',
+    format: 'cjs'
+  },
+  plugins: [
+    nodeResolve({
+      main: true,
+      module: true,
+      browser: true
+    }),
+    commonjs()
+  ],
+  banner: `
+/**
+ * ${pkg.name} - ${pkg.description}
+ * @version v${pkg.version}
+ * @license ${pkg.license}
+ */
+`
+}
--- a/rollup.test.js
+++ b/rollup.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import nodeResolve from 'rollup-plugin-node-resolve'
+import commonjs from 'rollup-plugin-commonjs'
+import multiEntry from 'rollup-plugin-multi-entry'
+
+export default {
+  input: 'test/y-xml.tests.js',
+  name: 'y-tests',
+  sourcemap: true,
+  output: {
+    file: 'y.test.js',
+    format: 'umd'
+  },
+  plugins: [
+    nodeResolve({
+      main: true,
+      module: true,
+      browser: true
+    }),
+    commonjs(),
+    multiEntry()
+  ]
+}
--- a/src/Binary/Decoder.js
+++ b/src/Binary/Decoder.js
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+import utf8 from 'utf-8'
+import ID from '../Util/ID.js'
+import { default as RootID, RootFakeUserID } from '../Util/RootID.js'
+
+export default class BinaryDecoder {
+  constructor (buffer) {
+    if (buffer instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
+      this.uint8arr = new Uint8Array(buffer)
+    } else if (buffer instanceof Uint8Array || (typeof Buffer !== 'undefined' && buffer instanceof Buffer)) {
+      this.uint8arr = buffer
+    } else {
+      throw new Error('Expected an ArrayBuffer or Uint8Array!')
+    }
+    this.pos = 0
+  }
+  /**
+   * Clone this decoder instance
+   * Optionally set a new position parameter
+   */
+  clone (newPos = this.pos) {
+    let decoder = new BinaryDecoder(this.uint8arr)
+    decoder.pos = newPos
+    return decoder
+  }
+  /**
+   * Number of bytes
+   */
+  get length () {
+    return this.uint8arr.length
+  }
+  /**
+   * Skip one byte, jump to the next position
+   */
+  skip8 () {
+    this.pos++
+  }
+  /**
+   * Read one byte as unsigned integer
+   */
+  readUint8 () {
+    return this.uint8arr[this.pos++]
+  }
+  /**
+   * Read 4 bytes as unsigned integer
+   */
+  readUint32 () {
+    let uint =
+      this.uint8arr[this.pos] +
+      (this.uint8arr[this.pos + 1] << 8) +
+      (this.uint8arr[this.pos + 2] << 16) +
+      (this.uint8arr[this.pos + 3] << 24)
+    this.pos += 4
+    return uint
+  }
+  /**
+   * Look ahead without incrementing position
+   * to the next byte and read it as unsigned integer
+   */
+  peekUint8 () {
+    return this.uint8arr[this.pos]
+  }
+  /**
+   * Read unsigned integer (32bit) with variable length
+   * 1/8th of the storage is used as encoding overhead
+   *  - numbers < 2^7 is stored in one byte
+   *  - numbers < 2^14 is stored in two bytes
+   *  ..
+   */
+  readVarUint () {
+    let num = 0
+    let len = 0
+    while (true) {
+      let r = this.uint8arr[this.pos++]
+      num = num | ((r & 0b1111111) << len)
+      len += 7
+      if (r < 1 << 7) {
+        return num >>> 0 // return unsigned number!
+      }
+      if (len > 35) {
+        throw new Error('Integer out of range!')
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  /**
+   * Read string of variable length
+   * - varUint is used to store the length of the string
+   */
+  readVarString () {
+    let len = this.readVarUint()
+    let bytes = new Array(len)
+    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      bytes[i] = this.uint8arr[this.pos++]
+    }
+    return utf8.getStringFromBytes(bytes)
+  }
+  /**
+   *  Look ahead and read varString without incrementing position
+   */
+  peekVarString () {
+    let pos = this.pos
+    let s = this.readVarString()
+    this.pos = pos
+    return s
+  }
+  /**
+   * Read ID
+   * - If first varUint read is 0xFFFFFF a RootID is returned
+   * - Otherwise an ID is returned
+   */
+  readID () {
+    let user = this.readVarUint()
+    if (user === RootFakeUserID) {
+      // read property name and type id
+      const rid = new RootID(this.readVarString(), null)
+      rid.type = this.readVarUint()
+      return rid
+    }
+    return new ID(user, this.readVarUint())
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Binary/Encoder.js
+++ b/src/Binary/Encoder.js
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import utf8 from 'utf-8'
+import { RootFakeUserID } from '../Util/RootID.js'
+
+const bits7 = 0b1111111
+const bits8 = 0b11111111
+
+export default class BinaryEncoder {
+  constructor () {
+    // TODO: implement chained Uint8Array buffers instead of Array buffer
+    this.data = []
+  }
+
+  get length () {
+    return this.data.length
+  }
+
+  get pos () {
+    return this.data.length
+  }
+
+  createBuffer () {
+    return Uint8Array.from(this.data).buffer
+  }
+
+  writeUint8 (num) {
+    this.data.push(num & bits8)
+  }
+
+  setUint8 (pos, num) {
+    this.data[pos] = num & bits8
+  }
+
+  writeUint16 (num) {
+    this.data.push(num & bits8, (num >>> 8) & bits8)
+  }
+
+  setUint16 (pos, num) {
+    this.data[pos] = num & bits8
+    this.data[pos + 1] = (num >>> 8) & bits8
+  }
+
+  writeUint32 (num) {
+    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+      this.data.push(num & bits8)
+      num >>>= 8
+    }
+  }
+
+  setUint32 (pos, num) {
+    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+      this.data[pos + i] = num & bits8
+      num >>>= 8
+    }
+  }
+
+  writeVarUint (num) {
+    while (num >= 0b10000000) {
+      this.data.push(0b10000000 | (bits7 & num))
+      num >>>= 7
+    }
+    this.data.push(bits7 & num)
+  }
+
+  writeVarString (str) {
+    let bytes = utf8.setBytesFromString(str)
+    let len = bytes.length
+    this.writeVarUint(len)
+    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      this.data.push(bytes[i])
+    }
+  }
+
+  writeID (id) {
+    const user = id.user
+    this.writeVarUint(user)
+    if (user !== RootFakeUserID) {
+      this.writeVarUint(id.clock)
+    } else {
+      this.writeVarString(id.name)
+      this.writeVarUint(id.type)
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Connector.js
+++ b/src/Connector.js
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+import BinaryEncoder from './Binary/Encoder.js'
+import BinaryDecoder from './Binary/Decoder.js'
+
+import { sendSyncStep1, readSyncStep1 } from './MessageHandler/syncStep1.js'
+import { readSyncStep2 } from './MessageHandler/syncStep2.js'
+import { integrateRemoteStructs } from './MessageHandler/integrateRemoteStructs.js'
+
+import debug from 'debug'
+
+export default class AbstractConnector {
+  constructor (y, opts) {
+    this.y = y
+    this.opts = opts
+    if (opts.role == null || opts.role === 'master') {
+      this.role = 'master'
+    } else if (opts.role === 'slave') {
+      this.role = 'slave'
+    } else {
+      throw new Error("Role must be either 'master' or 'slave'!")
+    }
+    this.log = debug('y:connector')
+    this.logMessage = debug('y:connector-message')
+    this._forwardAppliedStructs = opts.forwardAppliedOperations || false // TODO: rename
+    this.role = opts.role
+    this.connections = new Map()
+    this.isSynced = false
+    this.userEventListeners = []
+    this.whenSyncedListeners = []
+    this.currentSyncTarget = null
+    this.debug = opts.debug === true
+    this.broadcastBuffer = new BinaryEncoder()
+    this.broadcastBufferSize = 0
+    this.protocolVersion = 11
+    this.authInfo = opts.auth || null
+    this.checkAuth = opts.checkAuth || function () { return Promise.resolve('write') } // default is everyone has write access
+    if (opts.maxBufferLength == null) {
+      this.maxBufferLength = -1
+    } else {
+      this.maxBufferLength = opts.maxBufferLength
+    }
+  }
+
+  reconnect () {
+    this.log('reconnecting..')
+  }
+
+  disconnect () {
+    this.log('discronnecting..')
+    this.connections = new Map()
+    this.isSynced = false
+    this.currentSyncTarget = null
+    this.whenSyncedListeners = []
+    return Promise.resolve()
+  }
+
+  onUserEvent (f) {
+    this.userEventListeners.push(f)
+  }
+
+  removeUserEventListener (f) {
+    this.userEventListeners = this.userEventListeners.filter(g => f !== g)
+  }
+
+  userLeft (user) {
+    if (this.connections.has(user)) {
+      this.log('%s: User left %s', this.y.userID, user)
+      this.connections.delete(user)
+      // check if isSynced event can be sent now
+      this._setSyncedWith(null)
+      for (var f of this.userEventListeners) {
+        f({
+          action: 'userLeft',
+          user: user
+        })
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  userJoined (user, role, auth) {
+    if (role == null) {
+      throw new Error('You must specify the role of the joined user!')
+    }
+    if (this.connections.has(user)) {
+      throw new Error('This user already joined!')
+    }
+    this.log('%s: User joined %s', this.y.userID, user)
+    this.connections.set(user, {
+      uid: user,
+      isSynced: false,
+      role: role,
+      processAfterAuth: [],
+      processAfterSync: [],
+      auth: auth || null,
+      receivedSyncStep2: false
+    })
+    let defer = {}
+    defer.promise = new Promise(function (resolve) { defer.resolve = resolve })
+    this.connections.get(user).syncStep2 = defer
+    for (var f of this.userEventListeners) {
+      f({
+        action: 'userJoined',
+        user: user,
+        role: role
+      })
+    }
+    this._syncWithUser(user)
+  }
+
+  // Execute a function _when_ we are connected.
+  // If not connected, wait until connected
+  whenSynced (f) {
+    if (this.isSynced) {
+      f()
+    } else {
+      this.whenSyncedListeners.push(f)
+    }
+  }
+
+  _syncWithUser (userID) {
+    if (this.role === 'slave') {
+      return // "The current sync has not finished or this is controlled by a master!"
+    }
+    sendSyncStep1(this, userID)
+  }
+
+  _fireIsSyncedListeners () {
+    if (!this.isSynced) {
+      this.isSynced = true
+      // It is safer to remove this!
+      // call whensynced listeners
+      for (var f of this.whenSyncedListeners) {
+        f()
+      }
+      this.whenSyncedListeners = []
+      this.y.emit('synced')
+    }
+  }
+
+  send (uid, buffer) {
+    const y = this.y
+    if (!(buffer instanceof ArrayBuffer || buffer instanceof Uint8Array)) {
+      throw new Error('Expected Message to be an ArrayBuffer or Uint8Array - don\'t use this method to send custom messages')
+    }
+    this.log('User%s to User%s: Send \'%y\'', y.userID, uid, buffer)
+    this.logMessage('User%s to User%s: Send %Y', y.userID, uid, [y, buffer])
+  }
+
+  broadcast (buffer) {
+    const y = this.y
+    if (!(buffer instanceof ArrayBuffer || buffer instanceof Uint8Array)) {
+      throw new Error('Expected Message to be an ArrayBuffer or Uint8Array - don\'t use this method to send custom messages')
+    }
+    this.log('User%s: Broadcast \'%y\'', y.userID, buffer)
+    this.logMessage('User%s: Broadcast: %Y', y.userID, [y, buffer])
+  }
+
+  /*
+    Buffer operations, and broadcast them when ready.
+  */
+  broadcastStruct (struct) {
+    const firstContent = this.broadcastBuffer.length === 0
+    if (firstContent) {
+      this.broadcastBuffer.writeVarString(this.y.room)
+      this.broadcastBuffer.writeVarString('update')
+      this.broadcastBufferSize = 0
+      this.broadcastBufferSizePos = this.broadcastBuffer.pos
+      this.broadcastBuffer.writeUint32(0)
+    }
+    this.broadcastBufferSize++
+    struct._toBinary(this.broadcastBuffer)
+    if (this.maxBufferLength > 0 && this.broadcastBuffer.length > this.maxBufferLength) {
+      // it is necessary to send the buffer now
+      // cache the buffer and check if server is responsive
+      const buffer = this.broadcastBuffer
+      buffer.setUint32(this.broadcastBufferSizePos, this.broadcastBufferSize)
+      this.broadcastBuffer = new BinaryEncoder()
+      this.whenRemoteResponsive().then(() => {
+        this.broadcast(buffer.createBuffer())
+      })
+    } else if (firstContent) {
+      // send the buffer when all transactions are finished
+      // (or buffer exceeds maxBufferLength)
+      setTimeout(() => {
+        if (this.broadcastBuffer.length > 0) {
+          const buffer = this.broadcastBuffer
+          buffer.setUint32(this.broadcastBufferSizePos, this.broadcastBufferSize)
+          this.broadcast(buffer.createBuffer())
+          this.broadcastBuffer = new BinaryEncoder()
+        }
+      }, 0)
+    }
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Somehow check the responsiveness of the remote clients/server
+   * Default behavior:
+   *   Wait 100ms before broadcasting the next batch of operations
+   *
+   * Only used when maxBufferLength is set
+   *
+   */
+  whenRemoteResponsive () {
+    return new Promise(function (resolve) {
+      setTimeout(resolve, 100)
+    })
+  }
+
+  /*
+    You received a raw message, and you know that it is intended for Yjs. Then call this function.
+  */
+  receiveMessage (sender, buffer, skipAuth) {
+    const y = this.y
+    const userID = y.userID
+    skipAuth = skipAuth || false
+    if (!(buffer instanceof ArrayBuffer || buffer instanceof Uint8Array)) {
+      return Promise.reject(new Error('Expected Message to be an ArrayBuffer or Uint8Array!'))
+    }
+    if (sender === userID) {
+      return Promise.resolve()
+    }
+    let decoder = new BinaryDecoder(buffer)
+    let encoder = new BinaryEncoder()
+    let roomname = decoder.readVarString() // read room name
+    encoder.writeVarString(roomname)
+    let messageType = decoder.readVarString()
+    let senderConn = this.connections.get(sender)
+    this.log('User%s from User%s: Receive \'%s\'', userID, sender, messageType)
+    this.logMessage('User%s from User%s: Receive %Y', userID, sender, [y, buffer])
+    if (senderConn == null && !skipAuth) {
+      throw new Error('Received message from unknown peer!')
+    }
+    if (messageType === 'sync step 1' || messageType === 'sync step 2') {
+      let auth = decoder.readVarUint()
+      if (senderConn.auth == null) {
+        senderConn.processAfterAuth.push([messageType, senderConn, decoder, encoder, sender])
+        // check auth
+        return this.checkAuth(auth, y, sender).then(authPermissions => {
+          if (senderConn.auth == null) {
+            senderConn.auth = authPermissions
+            y.emit('userAuthenticated', {
+              user: senderConn.uid,
+              auth: authPermissions
+            })
+          }
+          let messages = senderConn.processAfterAuth
+          senderConn.processAfterAuth = []
+
+          messages.forEach(m =>
+            this.computeMessage(m[0], m[1], m[2], m[3], m[4])
+          )
+        })
+      }
+    }
+    if ((skipAuth || senderConn.auth != null) && (messageType !== 'update' || senderConn.isSynced)) {
+      this.computeMessage(messageType, senderConn, decoder, encoder, sender, skipAuth)
+    } else {
+      senderConn.processAfterSync.push([messageType, senderConn, decoder, encoder, sender, false])
+    }
+  }
+
+  computeMessage (messageType, senderConn, decoder, encoder, sender, skipAuth) {
+    if (messageType === 'sync step 1' && (senderConn.auth === 'write' || senderConn.auth === 'read')) {
+      // cannot wait for sync step 1 to finish, because we may wait for sync step 2 in sync step 1 (->lock)
+      readSyncStep1(decoder, encoder, this.y, senderConn, sender)
+    } else {
+      const y = this.y
+      y.transact(function () {
+        if (messageType === 'sync step 2' && senderConn.auth === 'write') {
+          readSyncStep2(decoder, encoder, y, senderConn, sender)
+        } else if (messageType === 'update' && (skipAuth || senderConn.auth === 'write')) {
+          integrateRemoteStructs(decoder, encoder, y, senderConn, sender)
+        } else {
+          throw new Error('Unable to receive message')
+        }
+      }, true)
+    }
+  }
+
+  _setSyncedWith (user) {
+    if (user != null) {
+      const userConn = this.connections.get(user)
+      userConn.isSynced = true
+      const messages = userConn.processAfterSync
+      userConn.processAfterSync = []
+      messages.forEach(m => {
+        this.computeMessage(m[0], m[1], m[2], m[3], m[4])
+      })
+    }
+    const conns = Array.from(this.connections.values())
+    if (conns.length > 0 && conns.every(u => u.isSynced)) {
+      this._fireIsSyncedListeners()
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/src/MessageHandler/deleteSet.js
+++ b/src/MessageHandler/deleteSet.js
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+import { deleteItemRange } from '../Struct/Delete.js'
+import ID from '../Util/ID.js'
+
+export function stringifyDeleteSet (y, decoder, strBuilder) {
+  let dsLength = decoder.readUint32()
+  for (let i = 0; i < dsLength; i++) {
+    let user = decoder.readVarUint()
+    strBuilder.push(' -' + user + ':')
+    let dvLength = decoder.readVarUint()
+    for (let j = 0; j < dvLength; j++) {
+      let from = decoder.readVarUint()
+      let len = decoder.readVarUint()
+      let gc = decoder.readUint8() === 1
+      strBuilder.push(`clock: ${from}, length: ${len}, gc: ${gc}`)
+    }
+  }
+  return strBuilder
+}
+
+export function writeDeleteSet (y, encoder) {
+  let currentUser = null
+  let currentLength
+  let lastLenPos
+
+  let numberOfUsers = 0
+  let laterDSLenPus = encoder.pos
+  encoder.writeUint32(0)
+
+  y.ds.iterate(null, null, function (n) {
+    var user = n._id.user
+    var clock = n._id.clock
+    var len = n.len
+    var gc = n.gc
+    if (currentUser !== user) {
+      numberOfUsers++
+      // a new user was found
+      if (currentUser !== null) { // happens on first iteration
+        encoder.setUint32(lastLenPos, currentLength)
+      }
+      currentUser = user
+      encoder.writeVarUint(user)
+      // pseudo-fill pos
+      lastLenPos = encoder.pos
+      encoder.writeUint32(0)
+      currentLength = 0
+    }
+    encoder.writeVarUint(clock)
+    encoder.writeVarUint(len)
+    encoder.writeUint8(gc ? 1 : 0)
+    currentLength++
+  })
+  if (currentUser !== null) { // happens on first iteration
+    encoder.setUint32(lastLenPos, currentLength)
+  }
+  encoder.setUint32(laterDSLenPus, numberOfUsers)
+}
+
+export function readDeleteSet (y, decoder) {
+  let dsLength = decoder.readUint32()
+  for (let i = 0; i < dsLength; i++) {
+    let user = decoder.readVarUint()
+    let dv = []
+    let dvLength = decoder.readUint32()
+    for (let j = 0; j < dvLength; j++) {
+      let from = decoder.readVarUint()
+      let len = decoder.readVarUint()
+      let gc = decoder.readUint8() === 1
+      dv.push([from, len, gc])
+    }
+    if (dvLength > 0) {
+      let pos = 0
+      let d = dv[pos]
+      let deletions = []
+      y.ds.iterate(new ID(user, 0), new ID(user, Number.MAX_VALUE), function (n) {
+        // cases:
+        // 1. d deletes something to the right of n
+        //  => go to next n (break)
+        // 2. d deletes something to the left of n
+        //  => create deletions
+        //  => reset d accordingly
+        //  *)=> if d doesn't delete anything anymore, go to next d (continue)
+        // 3. not 2) and d deletes something that also n deletes
+        //  => reset d so that it doesn't contain n's deletion
+        //  *)=> if d does not delete anything anymore, go to next d (continue)
+        while (d != null) {
+          var diff = 0 // describe the diff of length in 1) and 2)
+          if (n._id.clock + n.len <= d[0]) {
+            // 1)
+            break
+          } else if (d[0] < n._id.clock) {
+            // 2)
+            // delete maximum the len of d
+            // else delete as much as possible
+            diff = Math.min(n._id.clock - d[0], d[1])
+            // deleteItemRange(y, user, d[0], diff)
+            deletions.push([user, d[0], diff])
+          } else {
+            // 3)
+            diff = n._id.clock + n.len - d[0] // never null (see 1)
+            if (d[2] && !n.gc) {
+              // d marks as gc'd but n does not
+              // then delete either way
+              // deleteItemRange(y, user, d[0], Math.min(diff, d[1]))
+              deletions.push([user, d[0], Math.min(diff, d[1])])
+            }
+          }
+          if (d[1] <= diff) {
+            // d doesn't delete anything anymore
+            d = dv[++pos]
+          } else {
+            d[0] = d[0] + diff // reset pos
+            d[1] = d[1] - diff // reset length
+          }
+        }
+      })
+      // TODO: It would be more performant to apply the deletes in the above loop
+      // Adapt the Tree implementation to support delete while iterating
+      for (let i = deletions.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        const del = deletions[i]
+        deleteItemRange(y, del[0], del[1], del[2])
+      }
+      // for the rest.. just apply it
+      for (; pos < dv.length; pos++) {
+        d = dv[pos]
+        deleteItemRange(y, user, d[0], d[1])
+        // deletions.push([user, d[0], d[1], d[2]])
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/src/MessageHandler/integrateRemoteStructs.js
+++ b/src/MessageHandler/integrateRemoteStructs.js
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+import { getStruct } from '../Util/structReferences.js'
+import BinaryDecoder from '../Binary/Decoder.js'
+import { logID } from './messageToString.js'
+
+class MissingEntry {
+  constructor (decoder, missing, struct) {
+    this.decoder = decoder
+    this.missing = missing.length
+    this.struct = struct
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Integrate remote struct
+ * When a remote struct is integrated, other structs might be ready to ready to
+ * integrate.
+ */
+function _integrateRemoteStructHelper (y, struct) {
+  const id = struct._id
+  if (id === undefined) {
+    struct._integrate(y)
+  } else {
+    if (y.ss.getState(id.user) > id.clock) {
+      return
+    }
+    struct._integrate(y)
+    let msu = y._missingStructs.get(id.user)
+    if (msu != null) {
+      let clock = id.clock
+      const finalClock = clock + struct._length
+      for (;clock < finalClock; clock++) {
+        const missingStructs = msu.get(clock)
+        if (missingStructs !== undefined) {
+          missingStructs.forEach(missingDef => {
+            missingDef.missing--
+            if (missingDef.missing === 0) {
+              const decoder = missingDef.decoder
+              let oldPos = decoder.pos
+              let missing = missingDef.struct._fromBinary(y, decoder)
+              decoder.pos = oldPos
+              if (missing.length === 0) {
+                y._readyToIntegrate.push(missingDef.struct)
+              }
+            }
+          })
+          msu.delete(clock)
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export function stringifyStructs (y, decoder, strBuilder) {
+  const len = decoder.readUint32()
+  for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    let reference = decoder.readVarUint()
+    let Constr = getStruct(reference)
+    let struct = new Constr()
+    let missing = struct._fromBinary(y, decoder)
+    let logMessage = '  ' + struct._logString()
+    if (missing.length > 0) {
+      logMessage += ' .. missing: ' + missing.map(logID).join(', ')
+    }
+    strBuilder.push(logMessage)
+  }
+}
+
+export function integrateRemoteStructs (decoder, encoder, y) {
+  const len = decoder.readUint32()
+  for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    let reference = decoder.readVarUint()
+    let Constr = getStruct(reference)
+    let struct = new Constr()
+    let decoderPos = decoder.pos
+    let missing = struct._fromBinary(y, decoder)
+    if (missing.length === 0) {
+      while (struct != null) {
+        _integrateRemoteStructHelper(y, struct)
+        struct = y._readyToIntegrate.shift()
+      }
+    } else {
+      let _decoder = new BinaryDecoder(decoder.uint8arr)
+      _decoder.pos = decoderPos
+      let missingEntry = new MissingEntry(_decoder, missing, struct)
+      let missingStructs = y._missingStructs
+      for (let i = missing.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        let m = missing[i]
+        if (!missingStructs.has(m.user)) {
+          missingStructs.set(m.user, new Map())
+        }
+        let msu = missingStructs.get(m.user)
+        if (!msu.has(m.clock)) {
+          msu.set(m.clock, [])
+        }
+        let mArray = msu = msu.get(m.clock)
+        mArray.push(missingEntry)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/src/MessageHandler/messageToString.js
+++ b/src/MessageHandler/messageToString.js
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import BinaryDecoder from '../Binary/Decoder.js'
+import { stringifyStructs } from './integrateRemoteStructs.js'
+import { stringifySyncStep1 } from './syncStep1.js'
+import { stringifySyncStep2 } from './syncStep2.js'
+import ID from '../Util/ID.js'
+import RootID from '../Util/RootID.js'
+import Y from '../Y.js'
+
+export function messageToString ([y, buffer]) {
+  let decoder = new BinaryDecoder(buffer)
+  decoder.readVarString() // read roomname
+  let type = decoder.readVarString()
+  let strBuilder = []
+  strBuilder.push('\n === ' + type + ' ===')
+  if (type === 'update') {
+    stringifyStructs(y, decoder, strBuilder)
+  } else if (type === 'sync step 1') {
+    stringifySyncStep1(y, decoder, strBuilder)
+  } else if (type === 'sync step 2') {
+    stringifySyncStep2(y, decoder, strBuilder)
+  } else {
+    strBuilder.push('-- Unknown message type - probably an encoding issue!!!')
+  }
+  return strBuilder.join('\n')
+}
+
+export function messageToRoomname (buffer) {
+  let decoder = new BinaryDecoder(buffer)
+  decoder.readVarString() // roomname
+  return decoder.readVarString() // messageType
+}
+
+export function logID (id) {
+  if (id !== null && id._id != null) {
+    id = id._id
+  }
+  if (id === null) {
+    return '()'
+  } else if (id instanceof ID) {
+    return `(${id.user},${id.clock})`
+  } else if (id instanceof RootID) {
+    return `(${id.name},${id.type})`
+  } else if (id.constructor === Y) {
+    return `y`
+  } else {
+    throw new Error('This is not a valid ID!')
+  }
+}
--- a/src/MessageHandler/stateSet.js
+++ b/src/MessageHandler/stateSet.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+export function readStateSet (decoder) {
+  let ss = new Map()
+  let ssLength = decoder.readUint32()
+  for (let i = 0; i < ssLength; i++) {
+    let user = decoder.readVarUint()
+    let clock = decoder.readVarUint()
+    ss.set(user, clock)
+  }
+  return ss
+}
+
+export function writeStateSet (y, encoder) {
+  let lenPosition = encoder.pos
+  let len = 0
+  encoder.writeUint32(0)
+  for (let [user, clock] of y.ss.state) {
+    encoder.writeVarUint(user)
+    encoder.writeVarUint(clock)
+    len++
+  }
+  encoder.setUint32(lenPosition, len)
+}
--- a/src/MessageHandler/syncStep1.js
+++ b/src/MessageHandler/syncStep1.js
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import BinaryEncoder from '../Binary/Encoder.js'
+import { readStateSet, writeStateSet } from './stateSet.js'
+import { writeDeleteSet } from './deleteSet.js'
+import ID from '../Util/ID.js'
+import { RootFakeUserID } from '../Util/RootID.js'
+
+export function stringifySyncStep1 (y, decoder, strBuilder) {
+  let auth = decoder.readVarString()
+  let protocolVersion = decoder.readVarUint()
+  strBuilder.push(`  - auth: "${auth}"`)
+  strBuilder.push(`  - protocolVersion: ${protocolVersion}`)
+  // write SS
+  let ssBuilder = []
+  let len = decoder.readUint32()
+  for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    let user = decoder.readVarUint()
+    let clock = decoder.readVarUint()
+    ssBuilder.push(`(${user}:${clock})`)
+  }
+  strBuilder.push('  == SS: ' + ssBuilder.join(','))
+}
+
+export function sendSyncStep1 (connector, syncUser) {
+  let encoder = new BinaryEncoder()
+  encoder.writeVarString(connector.y.room)
+  encoder.writeVarString('sync step 1')
+  encoder.writeVarString(connector.authInfo || '')
+  encoder.writeVarUint(connector.protocolVersion)
+  writeStateSet(connector.y, encoder)
+  connector.send(syncUser, encoder.createBuffer())
+}
+
+export default function writeStructs (encoder, decoder, y, ss) {
+  const lenPos = encoder.pos
+  encoder.writeUint32(0)
+  let len = 0
+  for (let user of y.ss.state.keys()) {
+    let clock = ss.get(user) || 0
+    if (user !== RootFakeUserID) {
+      y.os.iterate(new ID(user, clock), new ID(user, Number.MAX_VALUE), function (struct) {
+        struct._toBinary(encoder)
+        len++
+      })
+    }
+  }
+  encoder.setUint32(lenPos, len)
+}
+
+export function readSyncStep1 (decoder, encoder, y, senderConn, sender) {
+  let protocolVersion = decoder.readVarUint()
+  // check protocol version
+  if (protocolVersion !== y.connector.protocolVersion) {
+    console.warn(
+      `You tried to sync with a Yjs instance that has a different protocol version
+      (You: ${protocolVersion}, Client: ${protocolVersion}).
+      `)
+    y.destroy()
+  }
+  // write sync step 2
+  encoder.writeVarString('sync step 2')
+  encoder.writeVarString(y.connector.authInfo || '')
+  const ss = readStateSet(decoder)
+  writeStructs(encoder, decoder, y, ss)
+  writeDeleteSet(y, encoder)
+  y.connector.send(senderConn.uid, encoder.createBuffer())
+  senderConn.receivedSyncStep2 = true
+  if (y.connector.role === 'slave') {
+    sendSyncStep1(y.connector, sender)
+  }
+}
--- a/src/MessageHandler/syncStep2.js
+++ b/src/MessageHandler/syncStep2.js
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import { stringifyStructs, integrateRemoteStructs } from './integrateRemoteStructs.js'
+import { readDeleteSet } from './deleteSet.js'
+
+export function stringifySyncStep2 (y, decoder, strBuilder) {
+  strBuilder.push('     - auth: ' + decoder.readVarString())
+  strBuilder.push('  == OS:')
+  stringifyStructs(y, decoder, strBuilder)
+  // write DS to string
+  strBuilder.push('  == DS:')
+  let len = decoder.readUint32()
+  for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    let user = decoder.readVarUint()
+    strBuilder.push(`    User: ${user}: `)
+    let len2 = decoder.readUint32()
+    for (let j = 0; j < len2; j++) {
+      let from = decoder.readVarUint()
+      let to = decoder.readVarUint()
+      let gc = decoder.readUint8() === 1
+      strBuilder.push(`[${from}, ${to}, ${gc}]`)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export function readSyncStep2 (decoder, encoder, y, senderConn, sender) {
+  integrateRemoteStructs(decoder, encoder, y)
+  readDeleteSet(y, decoder)
+  y.connector._setSyncedWith(sender)
+}
--- a/src/Persistence.js
+++ b/src/Persistence.js
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// import BinaryEncoder from './Binary/Encoder.js'
+
+export default function extendPersistence (Y) {
+  class AbstractPersistence {
+    constructor (y, opts) {
+      this.y = y
+      this.opts = opts
+      this.saveOperationsBuffer = []
+      this.log = Y.debug('y:persistence')
+    }
+
+    saveToMessageQueue (binary) {
+      this.log('Room %s: Save message to message queue', this.y.options.connector.room)
+    }
+
+    saveOperations (ops) {
+      ops = ops.map(function (op) {
+        return Y.Struct[op.struct].encode(op)
+      })
+      /*
+      const saveOperations = () => {
+        if (this.saveOperationsBuffer.length > 0) {
+          let encoder = new BinaryEncoder()
+          encoder.writeVarString(this.opts.room)
+          encoder.writeVarString('update')
+          let ops = this.saveOperationsBuffer
+          this.saveOperationsBuffer = []
+          let length = ops.length
+          encoder.writeUint32(length)
+          for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+            let op = ops[i]
+            Y.Struct[op.struct].binaryEncode(encoder, op)
+          }
+          this.saveToMessageQueue(encoder.createBuffer())
+        }
+      }
+      */
+      if (this.saveOperationsBuffer.length === 0) {
+        this.saveOperationsBuffer = ops
+      } else {
+        this.saveOperationsBuffer = this.saveOperationsBuffer.concat(ops)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  Y.AbstractPersistence = AbstractPersistence
+}
--- a/src/Store/DeleteStore.js
+++ b/src/Store/DeleteStore.js
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+import Tree from '../Util/Tree.js'
+import ID from '../Util/ID.js'
+
+class DSNode {
+  constructor (id, len, gc) {
+    this._id = id
+    this.len = len
+    this.gc = gc
+  }
+  clone () {
+    return new DSNode(this._id, this.len, this.gc)
+  }
+}
+
+export default class DeleteStore extends Tree {
+  logTable () {
+    const deletes = []
+    this.iterate(null, null, function (n) {
+      deletes.push({
+        user: n._id.user,
+        clock: n._id.clock,
+        len: n.len,
+        gc: n.gc
+      })
+    })
+    console.table(deletes)
+  }
+  isDeleted (id) {
+    var n = this.findWithUpperBound(id)
+    return n !== null && n._id.user === id.user && id.clock < n._id.clock + n.len
+  }
+  /*
+   * Mark an operation as deleted. returns the deleted node
+   */
+  markDeleted (id, length) {
+    if (length == null) {
+      throw new Error('length must be defined')
+    }
+    var n = this.findWithUpperBound(id)
+    if (n != null && n._id.user === id.user) {
+      if (n._id.clock <= id.clock && id.clock <= n._id.clock + n.len) {
+        // id is in n's range
+        var diff = id.clock + length - (n._id.clock + n.len) // overlapping right
+        if (diff > 0) {
+          // id+length overlaps n
+          if (!n.gc) {
+            n.len += diff
+          } else {
+            diff = n._id.clock + n.len - id.clock // overlapping left (id till n.end)
+            if (diff < length) {
+              // a partial deletion
+              let nId = id.clone()
+              nId.clock += diff
+              n = new DSNode(nId, length - diff, false)
+              this.put(n)
+            } else {
+              // already gc'd
+              throw new Error(
+                'DS reached an inconsistent state. Please report this issue!'
+              )
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          // no overlapping, already deleted
+          return n
+        }
+      } else {
+        // cannot extend left (there is no left!)
+        n = new DSNode(id, length, false)
+        this.put(n) // TODO: you double-put !!
+      }
+    } else {
+      // cannot extend left
+      n = new DSNode(id, length, false)
+      this.put(n)
+    }
+    // can extend right?
+    var next = this.findNext(n._id)
+    if (
+      next != null &&
+      n._id.user === next._id.user &&
+      n._id.clock + n.len >= next._id.clock
+    ) {
+      diff = n._id.clock + n.len - next._id.clock // from next.start to n.end
+      while (diff >= 0) {
+        // n overlaps with next
+        if (next.gc) {
+          // gc is stronger, so reduce length of n
+          n.len -= diff
+          if (diff >= next.len) {
+            // delete the missing range after next
+            diff = diff - next.len // missing range after next
+            if (diff > 0) {
+              this.put(n) // unneccessary? TODO!
+              this.markDeleted(new ID(next._id.user, next._id.clock + next.len), diff)
+            }
+          }
+          break
+        } else {
+          // we can extend n with next
+          if (diff > next.len) {
+            // n is even longer than next
+            // get next.next, and try to extend it
+            var _next = this.findNext(next._id)
+            this.delete(next._id)
+            if (_next == null || n._id.user !== _next._id.user) {
+              break
+            } else {
+              next = _next
+              diff = n._id.clock + n.len - next._id.clock // from next.start to n.end
+              // continue!
+            }
+          } else {
+            // n just partially overlaps with next. extend n, delete next, and break this loop
+            n.len += next.len - diff
+            this.delete(next._id)
+            break
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    this.put(n)
+    return n
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Store/OperationStore.js
+++ b/src/Store/OperationStore.js
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import Tree from '../Util/Tree.js'
+import RootID from '../Util/RootID.js'
+import { getStruct } from '../Util/structReferences.js'
+import { logID } from '../MessageHandler/messageToString.js'
+
+export default class OperationStore extends Tree {
+  constructor (y) {
+    super()
+    this.y = y
+  }
+  logTable () {
+    const items = []
+    this.iterate(null, null, function (item) {
+      items.push({
+        id: logID(item),
+        origin: logID(item._origin === null ? null : item._origin._lastId),
+        left: logID(item._left === null ? null : item._left._lastId),
+        right: logID(item._right),
+        right_origin: logID(item._right_origin),
+        parent: logID(item._parent),
+        parentSub: item._parentSub,
+        deleted: item._deleted,
+        content: JSON.stringify(item._content)
+      })
+    })
+    console.table(items)
+  }
+  get (id) {
+    let struct = this.find(id)
+    if (struct === null && id instanceof RootID) {
+      const Constr = getStruct(id.type)
+      const y = this.y
+      struct = new Constr()
+      struct._id = id
+      struct._parent = y
+      y.transact(() => {
+        struct._integrate(y)
+      })
+      this.put(struct)
+    }
+    return struct
+  }
+  // Use getItem for structs with _length > 1
+  getItem (id) {
+    var item = this.findWithUpperBound(id)
+    if (item === null) {
+      return null
+    }
+    const itemID = item._id
+    if (id.user === itemID.user && id.clock < itemID.clock + item._length) {
+      return item
+    } else {
+      return null
+    }
+  }
+  // Return an insertion such that id is the first element of content
+  // This function manipulates an item, if necessary
+  getItemCleanStart (id) {
+    var ins = this.getItem(id)
+    if (ins === null || ins._length === 1) {
+      return ins
+    }
+    const insID = ins._id
+    if (insID.clock === id.clock) {
+      return ins
+    } else {
+      return ins._splitAt(this.y, id.clock - insID.clock)
+    }
+  }
+  // Return an insertion such that id is the last element of content
+  // This function manipulates an operation, if necessary
+  getItemCleanEnd (id) {
+    var ins = this.getItem(id)
+    if (ins === null || ins._length === 1) {
+      return ins
+    }
+    const insID = ins._id
+    if (insID.clock + ins._length - 1 === id.clock) {
+      return ins
+    } else {
+      ins._splitAt(this.y, id.clock - insID.clock + 1)
+      return ins
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Store/StateStore.js
+++ b/src/Store/StateStore.js
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import ID from '../Util/ID.js'
+
+export default class StateStore {
+  constructor (y) {
+    this.y = y
+    this.state = new Map()
+  }
+  logTable () {
+    const entries = []
+    for (let [user, state] of this.state) {
+      entries.push({
+        user, state
+      })
+    }
+    console.table(entries)
+  }
+  getNextID (len) {
+    const user = this.y.userID
+    const state = this.getState(user)
+    this.setState(user, state + len)
+    return new ID(user, state)
+  }
+  updateRemoteState (struct) {
+    let user = struct._id.user
+    let userState = this.state.get(user)
+    while (struct !== null && struct._id.clock === userState) {
+      userState += struct._length
+      struct = this.y.os.get(new ID(user, userState))
+    }
+    this.state.set(user, userState)
+  }
+  getState (user) {
+    let state = this.state.get(user)
+    if (state == null) {
+      return 0
+    }
+    return state
+  }
+  setState (user, state) {
+    // TODO: modify missingi structs here
+    const beforeState = this.y._transaction.beforeState
+    if (!beforeState.has(user)) {
+      beforeState.set(user, this.getState(user))
+    }
+    this.state.set(user, state)
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Struct/Delete.js
+++ b/src/Struct/Delete.js
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import { getReference } from '../Util/structReferences.js'
+import ID from '../Util/ID.js'
+import { logID } from '../MessageHandler/messageToString.js'
+
+/**
+ * Delete all items in an ID-range
+ * TODO: implement getItemCleanStartNode for better performance (only one lookup)
+ */
+export function deleteItemRange (y, user, clock, range) {
+  const createDelete = y.connector._forwardAppliedStructs
+  let item = y.os.getItemCleanStart(new ID(user, clock))
+  if (item !== null) {
+    if (!item._deleted) {
+      item._splitAt(y, range)
+      item._delete(y, createDelete)
+    }
+    let itemLen = item._length
+    range -= itemLen
+    clock += itemLen
+    if (range > 0) {
+      let node = y.os.findNode(new ID(user, clock))
+      while (node !== null && range > 0 && node.val._id.equals(new ID(user, clock))) {
+        const nodeVal = node.val
+        if (!nodeVal._deleted) {
+          nodeVal._splitAt(y, range)
+          nodeVal._delete(y, createDelete)
+        }
+        const nodeLen = nodeVal._length
+        range -= nodeLen
+        clock += nodeLen
+        node = node.next()
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Delete is not a real struct. It will not be saved in OS
+ */
+export default class Delete {
+  constructor () {
+    this._target = null
+    this._length = null
+  }
+  _fromBinary (y, decoder) {
+    // TODO: set target, and add it to missing if not found
+    // There is an edge case in p2p networks!
+    const targetID = decoder.readID()
+    this._targetID = targetID
+    this._length = decoder.readVarUint()
+    if (y.os.getItem(targetID) === null) {
+      return [targetID]
+    } else {
+      return []
+    }
+  }
+  _toBinary (encoder) {
+    encoder.writeUint8(getReference(this.constructor))
+    encoder.writeID(this._targetID)
+    encoder.writeVarUint(this._length)
+  }
+  /**
+   * - If created remotely (a remote user deleted something),
+   *   this Delete is applied to all structs in id-range.
+   * - If created lokally (e.g. when y-array deletes a range of elements),
+   *   this struct is broadcasted only (it is already executed)
+   */
+  _integrate (y, locallyCreated = false) {
+    if (!locallyCreated) {
+      // from remote
+      const id = this._targetID
+      deleteItemRange(y, id.user, id.clock, this._length)
+    } else {
+      // from local
+      y.connector.broadcastStruct(this)
+    }
+    if (y.persistence !== null) {
+      y.persistence.saveOperations(this)
+    }
+  }
+  _logString () {
+    return `Delete - target: ${logID(this._targetID)}, len: ${this._length}`
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Struct/Item.js
+++ b/src/Struct/Item.js
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+import { getReference } from '../Util/structReferences.js'
+import ID from '../Util/ID.js'
+import { RootFakeUserID } from '../Util/RootID.js'
+import Delete from './Delete.js'
+import { transactionTypeChanged } from '../Transaction.js'
+
+/**
+ * Helper utility to split an Item (see _splitAt)
+ * - copy all properties from a to b
+ * - connect a to b
+ * - assigns the correct _id
+ * - save b to os
+ */
+export function splitHelper (y, a, b, diff) {
+  const aID = a._id
+  b._id = new ID(aID.user, aID.clock + diff)
+  b._origin = a
+  b._left = a
+  b._right = a._right
+  if (b._right !== null) {
+    b._right._left = b
+  }
+  b._right_origin = a._right_origin
+  // do not set a._right_origin, as this will lead to problems when syncing
+  a._right = b
+  b._parent = a._parent
+  b._parentSub = a._parentSub
+  b._deleted = a._deleted
+  // now search all relevant items to the right and update origin
+  // if origin is not it foundOrigins, we don't have to search any longer
+  let foundOrigins = new Set()
+  foundOrigins.add(a)
+  let o = b._right
+  while (o !== null && foundOrigins.has(o._origin)) {
+    if (o._origin === a) {
+      o._origin = b
+    }
+    foundOrigins.add(o)
+    o = o._right
+  }
+  y.os.put(b)
+}
+
+export default class Item {
+  constructor () {
+    this._id = null
+    this._origin = null
+    this._left = null
+    this._right = null
+    this._right_origin = null
+    this._parent = null
+    this._parentSub = null
+    this._deleted = false
+  }
+  /**
+   * Copy the effect of struct
+   */
+  _copy () {
+    let struct = new this.constructor()
+    struct._origin = this._left
+    struct._left = this._left
+    struct._right = this
+    struct._right_origin = this
+    struct._parent = this._parent
+    struct._parentSub = this._parentSub
+    return struct
+  }
+  get _lastId () {
+    return new ID(this._id.user, this._id.clock + this._length - 1)
+  }
+  get _length () {
+    return 1
+  }
+  /**
+   * Splits this struct so that another struct can be inserted in-between.
+   * This must be overwritten if _length > 1
+   * Returns right part after split
+   * - diff === 0 => this
+   * - diff === length => this._right
+   * - otherwise => split _content and return right part of split
+   * (see ItemJSON/ItemString for implementation)
+   */
+  _splitAt (y, diff) {
+    if (diff === 0) {
+      return this
+    }
+    return this._right
+  }
+  _delete (y, createDelete = true) {
+    this._deleted = true
+    y.ds.markDeleted(this._id, this._length)
+    if (createDelete) {
+      let del = new Delete()
+      del._targetID = this._id
+      del._length = this._length
+      del._integrate(y, true)
+    }
+    transactionTypeChanged(y, this._parent, this._parentSub)
+    y._transaction.deletedStructs.add(this)
+  }
+  /**
+   * This is called right before this struct receives any children.
+   * It can be overwritten to apply pending changes before applying remote changes
+   */
+  _beforeChange () {
+    // nop
+  }
+  /*
+   * - Integrate the struct so that other types/structs can see it
+   * - Add this struct to y.os
+   * - Check if this is struct deleted
+   */
+  _integrate (y) {
+    const parent = this._parent
+    const selfID = this._id
+    const userState = selfID === null ? 0 : y.ss.getState(selfID.user)
+    if (selfID === null) {
+      this._id = y.ss.getNextID(this._length)
+    } else if (selfID.user === RootFakeUserID) {
+      // nop
+    } else if (selfID.clock < userState) {
+      // already applied..
+      return []
+    } else if (selfID.clock === userState) {
+      y.ss.setState(selfID.user, userState + this._length)
+    } else {
+      // missing content from user
+      throw new Error('Can not apply yet!')
+    }
+    if (!parent._deleted && !y._transaction.changedTypes.has(parent) && !y._transaction.newTypes.has(parent)) {
+      // this is the first time parent is updated
+      // or this types is new
+      this._parent._beforeChange()
+    }
+    /*
+    # $this has to find a unique position between origin and the next known character
+    # case 1: $origin equals $o.origin: the $creator parameter decides if left or right
+    #         let $OL= [o1,o2,o3,o4], whereby $this is to be inserted between o1 and o4
+    #         o2,o3 and o4 origin is 1 (the position of o2)
+    #         there is the case that $this.creator < o2.creator, but o3.creator < $this.creator
+    #         then o2 knows o3. Since on another client $OL could be [o1,o3,o4] the problem is complex
+    #         therefore $this would be always to the right of o3
+    # case 2: $origin < $o.origin
+    #         if current $this insert_position > $o origin: $this ins
+    #         else $insert_position will not change
+    #         (maybe we encounter case 1 later, then this will be to the right of $o)
+    # case 3: $origin > $o.origin
+    #         $this insert_position is to the left of $o (forever!)
+    */
+    // handle conflicts
+    let o
+    // set o to the first conflicting item
+    if (this._left !== null) {
+      o = this._left._right
+    } else if (this._parentSub !== null) {
+      o = this._parent._map.get(this._parentSub) || null
+    } else {
+      o = this._parent._start
+    }
+    let conflictingItems = new Set()
+    let itemsBeforeOrigin = new Set()
+    // Let c in conflictingItems, b in itemsBeforeOrigin
+    // ***{origin}bbbb{this}{c,b}{c,b}{o}***
+    // Note that conflictingItems is a subset of itemsBeforeOrigin
+    while (o !== null && o !== this._right) {
+      itemsBeforeOrigin.add(o)
+      conflictingItems.add(o)
+      if (this._origin === o._origin) {
+        // case 1
+        if (o._id.user < this._id.user) {
+          this._left = o
+          conflictingItems.clear()
+        }
+      } else if (itemsBeforeOrigin.has(o._origin)) {
+        // case 2
+        if (!conflictingItems.has(o._origin)) {
+          this._left = o
+          conflictingItems.clear()
+        }
+      } else {
+        break
+      }
+      // TODO: try to use right_origin instead.
+      // Then you could basically omit conflictingItems!
+      // Note: you probably can't use right_origin in every case.. only when setting _left
+      o = o._right
+    }
+    // reconnect left/right + update parent map/start if necessary
+    const parentSub = this._parentSub
+    if (this._left === null) {
+      let right
+      if (parentSub !== null) {
+        const pmap = parent._map
+        right = pmap.get(parentSub) || null
+        pmap.set(parentSub, this)
+      } else {
+        right = parent._start
+        parent._start = this
+      }
+      this._right = right
+      if (right !== null) {
+        right._left = this
+      }
+    } else {
+      const left = this._left
+      const right = left._right
+      this._right = right
+      left._right = this
+      if (right !== null) {
+        right._left = this
+      }
+    }
+    if (parent._deleted) {
+      this._delete(y, false)
+    }
+    y.os.put(this)
+    transactionTypeChanged(y, parent, parentSub)
+    if (this._id.user !== RootFakeUserID) {
+      if (y.connector._forwardAppliedStructs || this._id.user === y.userID) {
+        y.connector.broadcastStruct(this)
+      }
+      if (y.persistence !== null) {
+        y.persistence.saveOperations(this)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  _toBinary (encoder) {
+    encoder.writeUint8(getReference(this.constructor))
+    let info = 0
+    if (this._origin !== null) {
+      info += 0b1 // origin is defined
+    }
+    // TODO: remove
+    /* no longer send _left
+    if (this._left !== this._origin) {
+      info += 0b10 // do not copy origin to left
+    }
+    */
+    if (this._right_origin !== null) {
+      info += 0b100
+    }
+    if (this._parentSub !== null) {
+      info += 0b1000
+    }
+    encoder.writeUint8(info)
+    encoder.writeID(this._id)
+    if (info & 0b1) {
+      encoder.writeID(this._origin._lastId)
+    }
+    // TODO: remove
+    /* see above
+    if (info & 0b10) {
+      encoder.writeID(this._left._lastId)
+    }
+    */
+    if (info & 0b100) {
+      encoder.writeID(this._right_origin._id)
+    }
+    if ((info & 0b101) === 0) {
+      // neither origin nor right is defined
+      encoder.writeID(this._parent._id)
+    }
+    if (info & 0b1000) {
+      encoder.writeVarString(JSON.stringify(this._parentSub))
+    }
+  }
+  _fromBinary (y, decoder) {
+    let missing = []
+    const info = decoder.readUint8()
+    const id = decoder.readID()
+    this._id = id
+    // read origin
+    if (info & 0b1) {
+      // origin != null
+      const originID = decoder.readID()
+      // we have to query for left again because it might have been split/merged..
+      const origin = y.os.getItemCleanEnd(originID)
+      if (origin === null) {
+        missing.push(originID)
+      } else {
+        this._origin = origin
+        this._left = this._origin
+      }
+    }
+    // read right
+    if (info & 0b100) {
+      // right != null
+      const rightID = decoder.readID()
+      // we have to query for right again because it might have been split/merged..
+      const right = y.os.getItemCleanStart(rightID)
+      if (right === null) {
+        missing.push(rightID)
+      } else {
+        this._right = right
+        this._right_origin = right
+      }
+    }
+    // read parent
+    if ((info & 0b101) === 0) {
+      // neither origin nor right is defined
+      const parentID = decoder.readID()
+      // parent does not change, so we don't have to search for it again
+      if (this._parent === null) {
+        const parent = y.os.get(parentID)
+        if (parent === null) {
+          missing.push(parentID)
+        } else {
+          this._parent = parent
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (this._parent === null) {
+      if (this._origin !== null) {
+        this._parent = this._origin._parent
+      } else if (this._right_origin !== null) {
+        this._parent = this._right_origin._parent
+      }
+    }
+    if (info & 0b1000) {
+      // TODO: maybe put this in read parent condition (you can also read parentsub from left/right)
+      this._parentSub = JSON.parse(decoder.readVarString())
+    }
+    if (y.ss.getState(id.user) < id.clock) {
+      missing.push(new ID(id.user, id.clock - 1))
+    }
+    return missing
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Struct/ItemJSON.js
+++ b/src/Struct/ItemJSON.js
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import { splitHelper, default as Item } from './Item.js'
+import { logID } from '../MessageHandler/messageToString.js'
+
+export default class ItemJSON extends Item {
+  constructor () {
+    super()
+    this._content = null
+  }
+  _copy () {
+    let struct = super._copy()
+    struct._content = this._content
+    return struct
+  }
+  get _length () {
+    return this._content.length
+  }
+  _fromBinary (y, decoder) {
+    let missing = super._fromBinary(y, decoder)
+    let len = decoder.readVarUint()
+    this._content = new Array(len)
+    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      const ctnt = decoder.readVarString()
+      let parsed
+      if (ctnt === 'undefined') {
+        parsed = undefined
+      } else {
+        parsed = JSON.parse(ctnt)
+      }
+      this._content[i] = parsed
+    }
+    return missing
+  }
+  _toBinary (encoder) {
+    super._toBinary(encoder)
+    let len = this._content.length
+    encoder.writeVarUint(len)
+    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      let encoded
+      let content = this._content[i]
+      if (content === undefined) {
+        encoded = 'undefined'
+      } else {
+        encoded = JSON.stringify(content)
+      }
+      encoder.writeVarString(encoded)
+    }
+  }
+  _logString () {
+    const left = this._left !== null ? this._left._lastId : null
+    const origin = this._origin !== null ? this._origin._lastId : null
+    return `ItemJSON(id:${logID(this._id)},content:${JSON.stringify(this._content)},left:${logID(left)},origin:${logID(origin)},right:${logID(this._right)},parent:${logID(this._parent)},parentSub:${this._parentSub})`
+  }
+  _splitAt (y, diff) {
+    if (diff === 0) {
+      return this
+    } else if (diff >= this._length) {
+      return this._right
+    }
+    let item = new ItemJSON()
+    item._content = this._content.splice(diff)
+    splitHelper(y, this, item, diff)
+    return item
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Struct/ItemString.js
+++ b/src/Struct/ItemString.js
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import { splitHelper, default as Item } from './Item.js'
+import { logID } from '../MessageHandler/messageToString.js'
+
+export default class ItemString extends Item {
+  constructor () {
+    super()
+    this._content = null
+  }
+  _copy () {
+    let struct = super._copy()
+    struct._content = this._content
+    return struct
+  }
+  get _length () {
+    return this._content.length
+  }
+  _fromBinary (y, decoder) {
+    let missing = super._fromBinary(y, decoder)
+    this._content = decoder.readVarString()
+    return missing
+  }
+  _toBinary (encoder) {
+    super._toBinary(encoder)
+    encoder.writeVarString(this._content)
+  }
+  _logString () {
+    const left = this._left !== null ? this._left._lastId : null
+    const origin = this._origin !== null ? this._origin._lastId : null
+    return `ItemJSON(id:${logID(this._id)},content:${JSON.stringify(this._content)},left:${logID(left)},origin:${logID(origin)},right:${logID(this._right)},parent:${logID(this._parent)},parentSub:${this._parentSub})`
+  }
+  _splitAt (y, diff) {
+    if (diff === 0) {
+      return this
+    } else if (diff >= this._length) {
+      return this._right
+    }
+    let item = new ItemString()
+    item._content = this._content.slice(diff)
+    this._content = this._content.slice(0, diff)
+    splitHelper(y, this, item, diff)
+    return item
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Struct/Type.js
+++ b/src/Struct/Type.js
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+import Item from './Item.js'
+import EventHandler from '../Util/EventHandler.js'
+import ID from '../Util/ID.js'
+
+// restructure children as if they were inserted one after another
+function integrateChildren (y, start) {
+  let right
+  do {
+    right = start._right
+    start._right = null
+    start._right_origin = null
+    start._origin = start._left
+    start._integrate(y)
+    start = right
+  } while (right !== null)
+}
+
+export function getListItemIDByPosition (type, i) {
+  let pos = 0
+  let n = type._start
+  while (n !== null) {
+    if (!n._deleted) {
+      if (pos <= i && i < pos + n._length) {
+        const id = n._id
+        return new ID(id.user, id.clock + i - pos)
+      }
+      pos++
+    }
+    n = n._right
+  }
+}
+
+export default class Type extends Item {
+  constructor () {
+    super()
+    this._map = new Map()
+    this._start = null
+    this._y = null
+    this._eventHandler = new EventHandler()
+    this._deepEventHandler = new EventHandler()
+  }
+  getPathTo (type) {
+    if (type === this) {
+      return []
+    }
+    const path = []
+    const y = this._y
+    while (type._parent !== this && this._parent !== y) {
+      let parent = type._parent
+      if (type._parentSub !== null) {
+        path.push(type._parentSub)
+      } else {
+        // parent is array-ish
+        for (let [i, child] of parent) {
+          if (child === type) {
+            path.push(i)
+            break
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      type = parent
+    }
+    if (this._parent !== this) {
+      throw new Error('The type is not a child of this node')
+    }
+    return path
+  }
+  _callEventHandler (transaction, event) {
+    const changedParentTypes = transaction.changedParentTypes
+    this._eventHandler.callEventListeners(transaction, event)
+    let type = this
+    while (type !== this._y) {
+      let events = changedParentTypes.get(type)
+      if (events === undefined) {
+        events = []
+        changedParentTypes.set(type, events)
+      }
+      events.push(event)
+      type = type._parent
+    }
+  }
+  _copy (undeleteChildren) {
+    let copy = super._copy()
+    let map = new Map()
+    copy._map = map
+    for (let [key, value] of this._map) {
+      if (undeleteChildren.has(value) || !value.deleted) {
+        let _item = value._copy(undeleteChildren)
+        _item._parent = copy
+        map.set(key, value._copy(undeleteChildren))
+      }
+    }
+    let prevUndeleted = null
+    copy._start = null
+    let item = this._start
+    while (item !== null) {
+      if (undeleteChildren.has(item) || !item.deleted) {
+        let _item = item._copy(undeleteChildren)
+        _item._left = prevUndeleted
+        _item._origin = prevUndeleted
+        _item._right = null
+        _item._right_origin = null
+        _item._parent = copy
+        if (prevUndeleted === null) {
+          copy._start = _item
+        } else {
+          prevUndeleted._right = _item
+        }
+        prevUndeleted = _item
+      }
+      item = item._right
+    }
+    return copy
+  }
+  _transact (f) {
+    const y = this._y
+    if (y !== null) {
+      y.transact(f)
+    } else {
+      f(y)
+    }
+  }
+  observe (f) {
+    this._eventHandler.addEventListener(f)
+  }
+  observeDeep (f) {
+    this._deepEventHandler.addEventListener(f)
+  }
+  unobserve (f) {
+    this._eventHandler.removeEventListener(f)
+  }
+  unobserveDeep (f) {
+    this._deepEventHandler.removeEventListener(f)
+  }
+  _integrate (y) {
+    y._transaction.newTypes.add(this)
+    super._integrate(y)
+    this._y = y
+    // when integrating children we must make sure to
+    // integrate start
+    const start = this._start
+    if (start !== null) {
+      this._start = null
+      integrateChildren(y, start)
+    }
+    // integrate map children
+    const map = this._map
+    this._map = new Map()
+    for (let t of map.values()) {
+      // TODO make sure that right elements are deleted!
+      integrateChildren(y, t)
+    }
+  }
+  _delete (y, createDelete) {
+    super._delete(y, createDelete)
+    y._transaction.changedTypes.delete(this)
+    // delete map types
+    for (let value of this._map.values()) {
+      if (value instanceof Item && !value._deleted) {
+        value._delete(y, false)
+      }
+    }
+    // delete array types
+    let t = this._start
+    while (t !== null) {
+      if (!t._deleted) {
+        t._delete(y, false)
+      }
+      t = t._right
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Transaction.js
+++ b/src/Transaction.js
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+
+export default class Transaction {
+  constructor (y) {
+    this.y = y
+    // types added during transaction
+    this.newTypes = new Set()
+    // changed types (does not include new types)
+    // maps from type to parentSubs (item._parentSub = null for array elements)
+    this.changedTypes = new Map()
+    this.deletedStructs = new Set()
+    this.beforeState = new Map()
+    this.changedParentTypes = new Map()
+  }
+}
+
+export function transactionTypeChanged (y, type, sub) {
+  if (type !== y && !type._deleted && !y._transaction.newTypes.has(type)) {
+    const changedTypes = y._transaction.changedTypes
+    let subs = changedTypes.get(type)
+    if (subs === undefined) {
+      // create if it doesn't exist yet
+      subs = new Set()
+      changedTypes.set(type, subs)
+    }
+    subs.add(sub)
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Type/YArray.js
+++ b/src/Type/YArray.js
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+import Type from '../Struct/Type.js'
+import ItemJSON from '../Struct/ItemJSON.js'
+import ItemString from '../Struct/ItemString.js'
+import { logID } from '../MessageHandler/messageToString.js'
+import YEvent from '../Util/YEvent.js'
+
+class YArrayEvent extends YEvent {
+  constructor (yarray, remote) {
+    super(yarray)
+    this.remote = remote
+  }
+}
+
+export default class YArray extends Type {
+  _callObserver (transaction, parentSubs, remote) {
+    this._callEventHandler(transaction, new YArrayEvent(this, remote))
+  }
+  get (pos) {
+    let n = this._start
+    while (n !== null) {
+      if (!n._deleted) {
+        if (pos < n._length) {
+          if (n.constructor === ItemJSON || n.constructor === ItemString) {
+            return n._content[pos]
+          } else {
+            return n
+          }
+        }
+        pos -= n._length
+      }
+      n = n._right
+    }
+  }
+  toArray () {
+    return this.map(c => c)
+  }
+  toJSON () {
+    return this.map(c => {
+      if (c instanceof Type) {
+        if (c.toJSON !== null) {
+          return c.toJSON()
+        } else {
+          return c.toString()
+        }
+      }
+      return c
+    })
+  }
+  map (f) {
+    const res = []
+    this.forEach((c, i) => {
+      res.push(f(c, i, this))
+    })
+    return res
+  }
+  forEach (f) {
+    let pos = 0
+    let n = this._start
+    while (n !== null) {
+      if (!n._deleted) {
+        if (n instanceof Type) {
+          f(n, pos++, this)
+        } else {
+          const content = n._content
+          const contentLen = content.length
+          for (let i = 0; i < contentLen; i++) {
+            pos++
+            f(content[i], pos, this)
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      n = n._right
+    }
+  }
+  get length () {
+    let length = 0
+    let n = this._start
+    while (n !== null) {
+      if (!n._deleted) {
+        length += n._length
+      }
+      n = n._right
+    }
+    return length
+  }
+  [Symbol.iterator] () {
+    return {
+      next: function () {
+        while (this._item !== null && (this._item._deleted || this._item._length <= this._itemElement)) {
+          // item is deleted or itemElement does not exist (is deleted)
+          this._item = this._item._right
+          this._itemElement = 0
+        }
+        if (this._item === null) {
+          return {
+            done: true
+          }
+        }
+        let content
+        if (this._item instanceof Type) {
+          content = this._item
+        } else {
+          content = this._item._content[this._itemElement++]
+        }
+        return {
+          value: [this._count, content],
+          done: false
+        }
+      },
+      _item: this._start,
+      _itemElement: 0,
+      _count: 0
+    }
+  }
+  delete (pos, length = 1) {
+    this._y.transact(() => {
+      let item = this._start
+      let count = 0
+      while (item !== null && length > 0) {
+        if (!item._deleted) {
+          if (count <= pos && pos < count + item._length) {
+            const diffDel = pos - count
+            item = item._splitAt(this._y, diffDel)
+            item._splitAt(this._y, length)
+            length -= item._length
+            item._delete(this._y)
+            count += diffDel
+          } else {
+            count += item._length
+          }
+        }
+        item = item._right
+      }
+    })
+    if (length > 0) {
+      throw new Error('Delete exceeds the range of the YArray')
+    }
+  }
+  insertAfter (left, content) {
+    this._transact(y => {
+      let right
+      if (left === null) {
+        right = this._start
+      } else {
+        right = left._right
+      }
+      let prevJsonIns = null
+      for (let i = 0; i < content.length; i++) {
+        let c = content[i]
+        if (typeof c === 'function') {
+          c = new c() // eslint-disable-line new-cap
+        }
+        if (c instanceof Type) {
+          if (prevJsonIns !== null) {
+            if (y !== null) {
+              prevJsonIns._integrate(y)
+            }
+            left = prevJsonIns
+            prevJsonIns = null
+          }
+          c._origin = left
+          c._left = left
+          c._right = right
+          c._right_origin = right
+          c._parent = this
+          if (y !== null) {
+            c._integrate(y)
+          } else if (left === null) {
+            this._start = c
+          } else {
+            left._right = c
+          }
+          left = c
+        } else {
+          if (prevJsonIns === null) {
+            prevJsonIns = new ItemJSON()
+            prevJsonIns._origin = left
+            prevJsonIns._left = left
+            prevJsonIns._right = right
+            prevJsonIns._right_origin = right
+            prevJsonIns._parent = this
+            prevJsonIns._content = []
+          }
+          prevJsonIns._content.push(c)
+        }
+      }
+      if (prevJsonIns !== null && y !== null) {
+        prevJsonIns._integrate(y)
+      }
+    })
+  }
+  insert (pos, content) {
+    let left = null
+    let right = this._start
+    let count = 0
+    const y = this._y
+    while (right !== null) {
+      const rightLen = right._deleted ? 0 : (right._length - 1)
+      if (count <= pos && pos <= count + rightLen) {
+        const splitDiff = pos - count
+        right = right._splitAt(y, splitDiff)
+        left = right._left
+        count += splitDiff
+        break
+      }
+      if (!right._deleted) {
+        count += right._length
+      }
+      left = right
+      right = right._right
+    }
+    if (pos > count) {
+      throw new Error('Position exceeds array range!')
+    }
+    this.insertAfter(left, content)
+  }
+  _logString () {
+    const left = this._left !== null ? this._left._lastId : null
+    const origin = this._origin !== null ? this._origin._lastId : null
+    return `YArray(id:${logID(this._id)},start:${logID(this._start)},left:${logID(left)},origin:${logID(origin)},right:${logID(this._right)},parent:${logID(this._parent)},parentSub:${this._parentSub})`
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Type/YMap.js
+++ b/src/Type/YMap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+import Type from '../Struct/Type.js'
+import Item from '../Struct/Item.js'
+import ItemJSON from '../Struct/ItemJSON.js'
+import { logID } from '../MessageHandler/messageToString.js'
+import YEvent from '../Util/YEvent.js'
+
+class YMapEvent extends YEvent {
+  constructor (ymap, subs, remote) {
+    super(ymap)
+    this.keysChanged = subs
+    this.remote = remote
+  }
+}
+
+export default class YMap extends Type {
+  _callObserver (transaction, parentSubs, remote) {
+    this._callEventHandler(transaction, new YMapEvent(this, parentSubs, remote))
+  }
+  toJSON () {
+    const map = {}
+    for (let [key, item] of this._map) {
+      if (!item._deleted) {
+        let res
+        if (item instanceof Type) {
+          if (item.toJSON !== undefined) {
+            res = item.toJSON()
+          } else {
+            res = item.toString()
+          }
+        } else {
+          res = item._content[0]
+        }
+        map[key] = res
+      }
+    }
+    return map
+  }
+  keys () {
+    let keys = []
+    for (let [key, value] of this._map) {
+      if (!value._deleted) {
+        keys.push(key)
+      }
+    }
+    return keys
+  }
+  delete (key) {
+    this._transact((y) => {
+      let c = this._map.get(key)
+      if (y !== null && c !== undefined) {
+        c._delete(y)
+      }
+    })
+  }
+  set (key, value) {
+    this._transact(y => {
+      const old = this._map.get(key) || null
+      if (old !== null) {
+        if (old instanceof ItemJSON && old._content[0] === value) {
+          // Trying to overwrite with same value
+          // break here
+          return value
+        }
+        if (y !== null) {
+          old._delete(y)
+        }
+      }
+      let v
+      if (typeof value === 'function') {
+        v = new value() // eslint-disable-line new-cap
+        value = v
+      } else if (value instanceof Item) {
+        v = value
+      } else {
+        v = new ItemJSON()
+        v._content = [value]
+      }
+      v._right = old
+      v._right_origin = old
+      v._parent = this
+      v._parentSub = key
+      if (y !== null) {
+        v._integrate(y)
+      } else {
+        this._map.set(key, v)
+      }
+    })
+    return value
+  }
+  get (key) {
+    let v = this._map.get(key)
+    if (v === undefined || v._deleted) {
+      return undefined
+    }
+    if (v instanceof Type) {
+      return v
+    } else {
+      return v._content[v._content.length - 1]
+    }
+  }
+  has (key) {
+    let v = this._map.get(key)
+    if (v === undefined || v._deleted) {
+      return false
+    } else {
+      return true
+    }
+  }
+  _logString () {
+    const left = this._left !== null ? this._left._lastId : null
+    const origin = this._origin !== null ? this._origin._lastId : null
+    return `YMap(id:${logID(this._id)},mapSize:${this._map.size},left:${logID(left)},origin:${logID(origin)},right:${logID(this._right)},parent:${logID(this._parent)},parentSub:${this._parentSub})`
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Type/YText.js
+++ b/src/Type/YText.js
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import ItemString from '../Struct/ItemString.js'
+import YArray from './YArray.js'
+import { logID } from '../MessageHandler/messageToString.js'
+
+export default class YText extends YArray {
+  constructor (string) {
+    super()
+    if (typeof string === 'string') {
+      const start = new ItemString()
+      start._parent = this
+      start._content = string
+      this._start = start
+    }
+  }
+  toString () {
+    const strBuilder = []
+    let n = this._start
+    while (n !== null) {
+      if (!n._deleted) {
+        strBuilder.push(n._content)
+      }
+      n = n._right
+    }
+    return strBuilder.join('')
+  }
+  insert (pos, text) {
+    this._transact(y => {
+      let left = null
+      let right = this._start
+      let count = 0
+      while (right !== null) {
+        if (count <= pos && pos < count + right._length) {
+          const splitDiff = pos - count
+          right = right._splitAt(this._y, pos - count)
+          left = right._left
+          count += splitDiff
+          break
+        }
+        count += right._length
+        left = right
+        right = right._right
+      }
+      if (pos > count) {
+        throw new Error('Position exceeds array range!')
+      }
+      let item = new ItemString()
+      item._origin = left
+      item._left = left
+      item._right = right
+      item._right_origin = right
+      item._parent = this
+      item._content = text
+      if (y !== null) {
+        item._integrate(this._y)
+      } else if (left === null) {
+        this._start = item
+      } else {
+        left._right = item
+      }
+    })
+  }
+  _logString () {
+    const left = this._left !== null ? this._left._lastId : null
+    const origin = this._origin !== null ? this._origin._lastId : null
+    return `YText(id:${logID(this._id)},start:${logID(this._start)},left:${logID(left)},origin:${logID(origin)},right:${logID(this._right)},parent:${logID(this._parent)},parentSub:${this._parentSub})`
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Type/y-xml/YXmlElement.js
+++ b/src/Type/y-xml/YXmlElement.js
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// import diff from 'fast-diff'
+import { defaultDomFilter } from './utils.js'
+
+import YMap from '../YMap.js'
+import YXmlFragment from './YXmlFragment.js'
+
+export default class YXmlElement extends YXmlFragment {
+  constructor (arg1, arg2) {
+    super()
+    this.nodeName = null
+    this._scrollElement = null
+    if (typeof arg1 === 'string') {
+      this.nodeName = arg1.toUpperCase()
+    } else if (arg1 != null && arg1.nodeType != null && arg1.nodeType === arg1.ELEMENT_NODE) {
+      this.nodeName = arg1.nodeName
+      this._setDom(arg1)
+    } else {
+      this.nodeName = 'UNDEFINED'
+    }
+    if (typeof arg2 === 'function') {
+      this._domFilter = arg2
+    }
+  }
+  _copy (undeleteChildren) {
+    let struct = super._copy(undeleteChildren)
+    struct.nodeName = this.nodeName
+    return struct
+  }
+  _setDom (dom) {
+    if (this._dom != null) {
+      throw new Error('Only call this method if you know what you are doing ;)')
+    } else if (dom._yxml != null) { // TODO do i need to check this? - no.. but for dev purps..
+      throw new Error('Already bound to an YXml type')
+    } else {
+      this._dom = dom
+      dom._yxml = this
+      // tag is already set in constructor
+      // set attributes
+      let attrNames = []
+      for (let i = 0; i < dom.attributes.length; i++) {
+        attrNames.push(dom.attributes[i].name)
+      }
+      attrNames = this._domFilter(dom, attrNames)
+      for (let i = 0; i < attrNames.length; i++) {
+        let attrName = attrNames[i]
+        let attrValue = dom.getAttribute(attrName)
+        this.setAttribute(attrName, attrValue)
+      }
+      this.insertDomElements(0, Array.prototype.slice.call(dom.childNodes))
+      this._bindToDom(dom)
+      return dom
+    }
+  }
+  _fromBinary (y, decoder) {
+    const missing = super._fromBinary(y, decoder)
+    this.nodeName = decoder.readVarString()
+    return missing
+  }
+  _toBinary (encoder) {
+    super._toBinary(encoder)
+    encoder.writeVarString(this.nodeName)
+  }
+  _integrate (y) {
+    if (this.nodeName === null) {
+      throw new Error('nodeName must be defined!')
+    }
+    if (this._domFilter === defaultDomFilter && this._parent instanceof YXmlFragment) {
+      this._domFilter = this._parent._domFilter
+    }
+    super._integrate(y)
+  }
+  /**
+   * Returns the string representation of the XML document.
+   * The attributes are ordered by attribute-name, so you can easily use this
+   * method to compare YXmlElements
+   */
+  toString () {
+    const attrs = this.getAttributes()
+    const stringBuilder = []
+    const keys = []
+    for (let key in attrs) {
+      keys.push(key)
+    }
+    keys.sort()
+    const keysLen = keys.length
+    for (let i = 0; i < keysLen; i++) {
+      const key = keys[i]
+      stringBuilder.push(key + '="' + attrs[key] + '"')
+    }
+    const nodeName = this.nodeName.toLocaleLowerCase()
+    const attrsString = stringBuilder.length > 0 ? ' ' + stringBuilder.join(' ') : ''
+    return `<${nodeName}${attrsString}>${super.toString()}</${nodeName}>`
+  }
+  removeAttribute () {
+    return YMap.prototype.delete.apply(this, arguments)
+  }
+
+  setAttribute () {
+    return YMap.prototype.set.apply(this, arguments)
+  }
+
+  getAttribute () {
+    return YMap.prototype.get.apply(this, arguments)
+  }
+
+  getAttributes () {
+    const obj = {}
+    for (let [key, value] of this._map) {
+      obj[key] = value._content[0]
+    }
+    return obj
+  }
+  getDom (_document) {
+    _document = _document || document
+    let dom = this._dom
+    if (dom == null) {
+      dom = _document.createElement(this.nodeName)
+      this._dom = dom
+      dom._yxml = this
+      let attrs = this.getAttributes()
+      for (let key in attrs) {
+        dom.setAttribute(key, attrs[key])
+      }
+      this.forEach(yxml => {
+        dom.appendChild(yxml.getDom(_document))
+      })
+      this._bindToDom(dom)
+    }
+    return dom
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Type/y-xml/YXmlEvent.js
+++ b/src/Type/y-xml/YXmlEvent.js
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import YEvent from '../../Util/YEvent.js'
+
+export default class YXmlEvent extends YEvent {
+  constructor (target, subs, remote) {
+    super(target)
+    this.childListChanged = false
+    this.attributesChanged = new Set()
+    this.remote = remote
+    subs.forEach((sub) => {
+      if (sub === null) {
+        this.childListChanged = true
+      } else {
+        this.attributesChanged.add(sub)
+      }
+    })
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Type/y-xml/YXmlFragment.js
+++ b/src/Type/y-xml/YXmlFragment.js
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+/* global MutationObserver */
+
+import { defaultDomFilter, applyChangesFromDom, reflectChangesOnDom } from './utils.js'
+import { beforeTransactionSelectionFixer, afterTransactionSelectionFixer } from './selection.js'
+
+import YArray from '../YArray.js'
+import YXmlText from './YXmlText.js'
+import YXmlEvent from './YXmlEvent.js'
+import { logID } from '../../MessageHandler/messageToString.js'
+import diff from 'fast-diff'
+
+function domToYXml (parent, doms) {
+  const types = []
+  doms.forEach(d => {
+    if (d._yxml != null && d._yxml !== false) {
+      d._yxml._unbindFromDom()
+    }
+    if (parent._domFilter(d, []) !== null) {
+      let type
+      if (d.nodeType === d.TEXT_NODE) {
+        type = new YXmlText(d)
+      } else if (d.nodeType === d.ELEMENT_NODE) {
+        type = new YXmlFragment._YXmlElement(d, parent._domFilter)
+      } else {
+        throw new Error('Unsupported node!')
+      }
+      type.enableSmartScrolling(parent._scrollElement)
+      types.push(type)
+    } else {
+      d._yxml = false
+    }
+  })
+  return types
+}
+
+class YXmlTreeWalker {
+  constructor (root, f) {
+    this._filter = f || (() => true)
+    this._root = root
+    this._currentNode = root
+    this._firstCall = true
+  }
+  [Symbol.iterator] () {
+    return this
+  }
+  next () {
+    let n = this._currentNode
+    if (this._firstCall) {
+      this._firstCall = false
+      if (!n._deleted && this._filter(n)) {
+        return { value: n, done: false }
+      }
+    }
+    do {
+      if (!n._deleted && n.constructor === YXmlFragment._YXmlElement && n._start !== null) {
+        // walk down in the tree
+        n = n._start
+      } else {
+        // walk right or up in the tree
+        while (n !== this._root) {
+          if (n._right !== null) {
+            n = n._right
+            break
+          }
+          n = n._parent
+        }
+        if (n === this._root) {
+          n = null
+        }
+      }
+      if (n === this._root) {
+        break
+      }
+    } while (n !== null && (n._deleted || !this._filter(n)))
+    this._currentNode = n
+    if (n === null) {
+      return { done: true }
+    } else {
+      return { value: n, done: false }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export default class YXmlFragment extends YArray {
+  constructor () {
+    super()
+    this._dom = null
+    this._domFilter = defaultDomFilter
+    this._domObserver = null
+    // this function makes sure that either the
+    // dom event is executed, or the yjs observer is executed
+    var token = true
+    this._mutualExclude = f => {
+      if (token) {
+        token = false
+        try {
+          f()
+        } catch (e) {
+          console.error(e)
+        }
+        this._domObserver.takeRecords()
+        token = true
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  createTreeWalker (filter) {
+    return new YXmlTreeWalker(this, filter)
+  }
+  /**
+   * Retrieve first element that matches *query*
+   * Similar to DOM's querySelector, but only accepts a subset of its queries
+   *
+   * Query support:
+   *   - tagname
+   * TODO:
+   *   - id
+   *   - attribute
+   */
+  querySelector (query) {
+    query = query.toUpperCase()
+    const iterator = new YXmlTreeWalker(this, element => element.nodeName === query)
+    const next = iterator.next()
+    if (next.done) {
+      return null
+    } else {
+      return next.value
+    }
+  }
+  querySelectorAll (query) {
+    query = query.toUpperCase()
+    return Array.from(new YXmlTreeWalker(this, element => element.nodeName === query))
+  }
+  enableSmartScrolling (scrollElement) {
+    this._scrollElement = scrollElement
+    this.forEach(xml => {
+      xml.enableSmartScrolling(scrollElement)
+    })
+  }
+  setDomFilter (f) {
+    this._domFilter = f
+    this.forEach(xml => {
+      xml.setDomFilter(f)
+    })
+  }
+  _callObserver (transaction, parentSubs, remote) {
+    this._callEventHandler(transaction, new YXmlEvent(this, parentSubs, remote))
+  }
+  toString () {
+    return this.map(xml => xml.toString()).join('')
+  }
+  _delete (y, createDelete) {
+    this._unbindFromDom()
+    super._delete(y, createDelete)
+  }
+  _unbindFromDom () {
+    if (this._domObserver != null) {
+      this._domObserver.disconnect()
+      this._domObserver = null
+    }
+    if (this._dom != null) {
+      this._dom._yxml = null
+      this._dom = null
+    }
+  }
+  insertDomElementsAfter (prev, doms) {
+    const types = domToYXml(this, doms)
+    this.insertAfter(prev, types)
+    return types
+  }
+  insertDomElements (pos, doms) {
+    const types = domToYXml(this, doms)
+    this.insert(pos, types)
+    return types
+  }
+  getDom () {
+    return this._dom
+  }
+  bindToDom (dom) {
+    if (this._dom != null) {
+      this._unbindFromDom()
+    }
+    if (dom._yxml != null) {
+      dom._yxml._unbindFromDom()
+    }
+    if (MutationObserver == null) {
+      throw new Error('Not able to bind to a DOM element, because MutationObserver is not available!')
+    }
+    dom.innerHTML = ''
+    this._dom = dom
+    dom._yxml = this
+    this.forEach(t => {
+      dom.insertBefore(t.getDom(), null)
+    })
+    this._bindToDom(dom)
+  }
+  // binds to a dom element
+  // Only call if dom and YXml are isomorph
+  _bindToDom (dom) {
+    if (this._parent === null || this._parent._dom != null || typeof MutationObserver === 'undefined') {
+      // only bind if parent did not already bind
+      return
+    }
+    this._y.on('beforeTransaction', () => {
+      this._domObserverListener(this._domObserver.takeRecords())
+    })
+    this._y.on('beforeTransaction', beforeTransactionSelectionFixer)
+    this._y.on('afterTransaction', afterTransactionSelectionFixer)
+    // Apply Y.Xml events to dom
+    this.observeDeep(reflectChangesOnDom.bind(this))
+    // Apply Dom changes on Y.Xml
+    this._domObserverListener = mutations => {
+      this._mutualExclude(() => {
+        this._y.transact(() => {
+          let diffChildren = new Set()
+          mutations.forEach(mutation => {
+            const dom = mutation.target
+            const yxml = dom._yxml
+            if (yxml == null) {
+              // dom element is filtered
+              return
+            }
+            switch (mutation.type) {
+              case 'characterData':
+                var diffs = diff(yxml.toString(), dom.nodeValue)
+                var pos = 0
+                for (var i = 0; i < diffs.length; i++) {
+                  var d = diffs[i]
+                  if (d[0] === 0) { // EQUAL
+                    pos += d[1].length
+                  } else if (d[0] === -1) { // DELETE
+                    yxml.delete(pos, d[1].length)
+                  } else { // INSERT
+                    yxml.insert(pos, d[1])
+                    pos += d[1].length
+                  }
+                }
+                break
+              case 'attributes':
+                let name = mutation.attributeName
+                // check if filter accepts attribute
+                if (this._domFilter(dom, [name]).length > 0 && this.constructor !== YXmlFragment) {
+                  var val = dom.getAttribute(name)
+                  if (yxml.getAttribute(name) !== val) {
+                    if (val == null) {
+                      yxml.removeAttribute(name)
+                    } else {
+                      yxml.setAttribute(name, val)
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+                break
+              case 'childList':
+                diffChildren.add(mutation.target)
+                break
+            }
+          })
+          for (let dom of diffChildren) {
+            if (dom._yxml != null && dom._yxml !== false) {
+              applyChangesFromDom(dom)
+            }
+          }
+        })
+      })
+    }
+    this._domObserver = new MutationObserver(this._domObserverListener)
+    this._domObserver.observe(dom, {
+      childList: true,
+      attributes: true,
+      characterData: true,
+      subtree: true
+    })
+    return dom
+  }
+  _logString () {
+    const left = this._left !== null ? this._left._lastId : null
+    const origin = this._origin !== null ? this._origin._lastId : null
+    return `YXml(id:${logID(this._id)},left:${logID(left)},origin:${logID(origin)},right:${this._right},parent:${logID(this._parent)},parentSub:${this._parentSub})`
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Type/y-xml/YXmlText.js
+++ b/src/Type/y-xml/YXmlText.js
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+import YText from '../YText.js'
+
+export default class YXmlText extends YText {
+  constructor (arg1) {
+    let dom = null
+    let initialText = null
+    if (arg1 != null) {
+      if (arg1.nodeType != null && arg1.nodeType === arg1.TEXT_NODE) {
+        dom = arg1
+        initialText = dom.nodeValue
+      } else if (typeof arg1 === 'string') {
+        initialText = arg1
+      }
+    }
+    super(initialText)
+    this._dom = null
+    this._domObserver = null
+    this._domObserverListener = null
+    this._scrollElement = null
+    if (dom !== null) {
+      this._setDom(arg1)
+    }
+    /*
+    var token = true
+    this._mutualExclude = f => {
+      if (token) {
+        token = false
+        try {
+          f()
+        } catch (e) {
+          console.error(e)
+        }
+        this._domObserver.takeRecords()
+        token = true
+      }
+    }
+    this.observe(event => {
+      if (this._dom != null) {
+        const dom = this._dom
+        this._mutualExclude(() => {
+          let anchorViewPosition = getAnchorViewPosition(this._scrollElement)
+          let anchorViewFix
+          if (anchorViewPosition !== null && (anchorViewPosition.anchor !== null || getBoundingClientRect(this._dom).top <= 0)) {
+            anchorViewFix = anchorViewPosition
+          } else {
+            anchorViewFix = null
+          }
+          dom.nodeValue = this.toString()
+          fixScrollPosition(this._scrollElement, anchorViewFix)
+        })
+      }
+    })
+    */
+  }
+  setDomFilter () {}
+  enableSmartScrolling (scrollElement) {
+    this._scrollElement = scrollElement
+  }
+  _setDom (dom) {
+    if (this._dom != null) {
+      this._unbindFromDom()
+    }
+    if (dom._yxml != null) {
+      dom._yxml._unbindFromDom()
+    }
+    // set marker
+    this._dom = dom
+    dom._yxml = this
+  }
+  getDom (_document) {
+    _document = _document || document
+    if (this._dom === null) {
+      const dom = _document.createTextNode(this.toString())
+      this._setDom(dom)
+      return dom
+    }
+    return this._dom
+  }
+  _delete (y, createDelete) {
+    this._unbindFromDom()
+    super._delete(y, createDelete)
+  }
+  _unbindFromDom () {
+    if (this._domObserver != null) {
+      this._domObserver.disconnect()
+      this._domObserver = null
+    }
+    if (this._dom != null) {
+      this._dom._yxml = null
+      this._dom = null
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Type/y-xml/selection.js
+++ b/src/Type/y-xml/selection.js
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/* globals getSelection */
+
+import { getRelativePosition, fromRelativePosition } from '../../Util/relativePosition.js'
+
+let browserSelection = null
+let relativeSelection = null
+
+export let beforeTransactionSelectionFixer
+if (typeof getSelection !== 'undefined') {
+  beforeTransactionSelectionFixer = function _beforeTransactionSelectionFixer (y, transaction, remote) {
+    if (!remote) {
+      return
+    }
+    relativeSelection = { from: null, to: null, fromY: null, toY: null }
+    browserSelection = getSelection()
+    const anchorNode = browserSelection.anchorNode
+    if (anchorNode !== null && anchorNode._yxml != null) {
+      const yxml = anchorNode._yxml
+      relativeSelection.from = getRelativePosition(yxml, browserSelection.anchorOffset)
+      relativeSelection.fromY = yxml._y
+    }
+    const focusNode = browserSelection.focusNode
+    if (focusNode !== null && focusNode._yxml != null) {
+      const yxml = focusNode._yxml
+      relativeSelection.to = getRelativePosition(yxml, browserSelection.focusOffset)
+      relativeSelection.toY = yxml._y
+    }
+  }
+} else {
+  beforeTransactionSelectionFixer = function _fakeBeforeTransactionSelectionFixer () {}
+}
+
+export function afterTransactionSelectionFixer (y, transaction, remote) {
+  if (relativeSelection === null || !remote) {
+    return
+  }
+  const to = relativeSelection.to
+  const from = relativeSelection.from
+  const fromY = relativeSelection.fromY
+  const toY = relativeSelection.toY
+  let shouldUpdate = false
+  let anchorNode = browserSelection.anchorNode
+  let anchorOffset = browserSelection.anchorOffset
+  let focusNode = browserSelection.focusNode
+  let focusOffset = browserSelection.focusOffset
+  if (from !== null) {
+    let sel = fromRelativePosition(fromY, from)
+    if (sel !== null) {
+      shouldUpdate = true
+      anchorNode = sel.type.getDom()
+      anchorOffset = sel.offset
+    }
+  }
+  if (to !== null) {
+    let sel = fromRelativePosition(toY, to)
+    if (sel !== null) {
+      focusNode = sel.type.getDom()
+      focusOffset = sel.offset
+      shouldUpdate = true
+    }
+  }
+  if (shouldUpdate) {
+    browserSelection.setBaseAndExtent(
+      anchorNode,
+      anchorOffset,
+      focusNode,
+      focusOffset
+    )
+  }
+  // delete, so the objects can be gc'd
+  relativeSelection = null
+  browserSelection = null
+}
--- a/src/Type/y-xml/utils.js
+++ b/src/Type/y-xml/utils.js
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+import YXmlText from './YXmlText.js'
+
+export function defaultDomFilter (node, attributes) {
+  return attributes
+}
+
+export function getAnchorViewPosition (scrollElement) {
+  if (scrollElement == null) {
+    return null
+  }
+  let anchor = document.getSelection().anchorNode
+  if (anchor != null) {
+    let top = getBoundingClientRect(anchor).top
+    if (top >= 0 && top <= document.documentElement.clientHeight) {
+      return {
+        anchor: anchor,
+        top: top
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return {
+    anchor: null,
+    scrollTop: scrollElement.scrollTop,
+    scrollHeight: scrollElement.scrollHeight
+  }
+}
+
+// get BoundingClientRect that works on text nodes
+export function getBoundingClientRect (element) {
+  if (element.getBoundingClientRect != null) {
+    // is element node
+    return element.getBoundingClientRect()
+  } else {
+    // is text node
+    if (element.parentNode == null) {
+      // range requires that text nodes have a parent
+      let span = document.createElement('span')
+      span.appendChild(element)
+    }
+    let range = document.createRange()
+    range.selectNode(element)
+    return range.getBoundingClientRect()
+  }
+}
+
+export function fixScrollPosition (scrollElement, fix) {
+  if (scrollElement !== null && fix !== null) {
+    if (fix.anchor === null) {
+      if (scrollElement.scrollTop === fix.scrollTop) {
+        scrollElement.scrollTop = scrollElement.scrollHeight - fix.scrollHeight
+      }
+    } else {
+      scrollElement.scrollTop = getBoundingClientRect(fix.anchor).top - fix.top
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function iterateUntilUndeleted (item) {
+  while (item !== null && item._deleted) {
+    item = item._right
+  }
+  return item
+}
+
+function _insertNodeHelper (yxml, prevExpectedNode, child) {
+  let insertedNodes = yxml.insertDomElementsAfter(prevExpectedNode, [child])
+  if (insertedNodes.length > 0) {
+    return insertedNodes[0]
+  } else {
+    return prevExpectedNode
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * 1. Check if any of the nodes was deleted
+ * 2. Iterate over the children.
+ *    2.1 If a node exists without _yxml property, insert a new node
+ *    2.2 If _contents.length < dom.childNodes.length, fill the
+ *        rest of _content with childNodes
+ *    2.3 If a node was moved, delete it and
+ *       recreate a new yxml element that is bound to that node.
+ *       You can detect that a node was moved because expectedId
+ *       !== actualId in the list
+ */
+export function applyChangesFromDom (dom) {
+  const yxml = dom._yxml
+  const y = yxml._y
+  let knownChildren =
+    new Set(
+      Array.prototype.map.call(dom.childNodes, child => child._yxml)
+      .filter(id => id !== undefined)
+    )
+  // 1. Check if any of the nodes was deleted
+  yxml.forEach(function (childType, i) {
+    if (!knownChildren.has(childType)) {
+      childType._delete(y)
+    }
+  })
+  // 2. iterate
+  let childNodes = dom.childNodes
+  let len = childNodes.length
+  let prevExpectedNode = null
+  let expectedNode = iterateUntilUndeleted(yxml._start)
+  for (let domCnt = 0; domCnt < len; domCnt++) {
+    const child = childNodes[domCnt]
+    const childYXml = child._yxml
+    if (childYXml != null) {
+      if (childYXml === false) {
+        // should be ignored or is going to be deleted
+        continue
+      }
+      if (expectedNode !== null) {
+        if (expectedNode !== childYXml) {
+          // 2.3 Not expected node
+          if (childYXml._parent !== this) {
+            // element is going to be deleted by its previous parent
+            child._yxml = null
+          } else {
+            childYXml._delete(y)
+          }
+          prevExpectedNode = _insertNodeHelper(yxml, prevExpectedNode, child)
+        } else {
+          prevExpectedNode = expectedNode
+          expectedNode = iterateUntilUndeleted(expectedNode._right)
+        }
+        // if this is the expected node id, just continue
+      } else {
+        // 2.2 fill _conten with child nodes
+        prevExpectedNode = _insertNodeHelper(yxml, prevExpectedNode, child)
+      }
+    } else {
+      // 2.1 A new node was found
+      prevExpectedNode = _insertNodeHelper(yxml, prevExpectedNode, child)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export function reflectChangesOnDom (events) {
+  // Make sure that no filtered attributes are applied to the structure
+  // if they were, delete them
+  /*
+  events.forEach(event => {
+    const target = event.target
+    if (event.attributesChanged === undefined) {
+      // event.target is Y.XmlText
+      return
+    }
+    const keys = this._domFilter(target.nodeName, Array.from(event.attributesChanged))
+    if (keys === null) {
+      target._delete()
+    } else {
+      const removeKeys = new Set() // is a copy of event.attributesChanged
+      event.attributesChanged.forEach(key => { removeKeys.add(key) })
+      keys.forEach(key => {
+        // remove all accepted keys from removeKeys
+        removeKeys.delete(key)
+      })
+      // remove the filtered attribute
+      removeKeys.forEach(key => {
+        target.removeAttribute(key)
+      })
+    }
+  })
+  */
+  this._mutualExclude(() => {
+    events.forEach(event => {
+      const yxml = event.target
+      const dom = yxml._dom
+      if (dom != null) {
+        // TODO: do this once before applying stuff
+        // let anchorViewPosition = getAnchorViewPosition(yxml._scrollElement)
+        if (yxml.constructor === YXmlText) {
+          yxml._dom.nodeValue = yxml.toString()
+        } else {
+          // update attributes
+          event.attributesChanged.forEach(attributeName => {
+            const value = yxml.getAttribute(attributeName)
+            if (value === undefined) {
+              dom.removeAttribute(attributeName)
+            } else {
+              dom.setAttribute(attributeName, value)
+            }
+          })
+          if (event.childListChanged) {
+            // create fragment of undeleted nodes
+            const fragment = document.createDocumentFragment()
+            yxml.forEach(function (t) {
+              fragment.append(t.getDom())
+            })
+            // remove remainding nodes
+            let lastChild = dom.lastChild
+            while (lastChild !== null) {
+              dom.removeChild(lastChild)
+              lastChild = dom.lastChild
+            }
+            // insert fragment of undeleted nodes
+            dom.append(fragment)
+          }
+        }
+        /* TODO: smartscrolling
+        .. else if (event.type === 'childInserted' || event.type === 'insert') {
+          let nodes = event.values
+          for (let i = nodes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            let node = nodes[i]
+            node.setDomFilter(yxml._domFilter)
+            node.enableSmartScrolling(yxml._scrollElement)
+            let dom = node.getDom()
+            let fixPosition = null
+            let nextDom = null
+            if (yxml._content.length > event.index + i + 1) {
+              nextDom = yxml.get(event.index + i + 1).getDom()
+            }
+            yxml._dom.insertBefore(dom, nextDom)
+            if (anchorViewPosition === null) {
+              // nop
+            } else if (anchorViewPosition.anchor !== null) {
+              // no scrolling when current selection
+              if (!dom.contains(anchorViewPosition.anchor) && !anchorViewPosition.anchor.contains(dom)) {
+                fixPosition = anchorViewPosition
+              }
+            } else if (getBoundingClientRect(dom).top <= 0) {
+              // adjust scrolling if modified element is out of view,
+              // there is no anchor element, and the browser did not adjust scrollTop (this is checked later)
+              fixPosition = anchorViewPosition
+            }
+            fixScrollPosition(yxml._scrollElement, fixPosition)
+          }
+        } else if (event.type === 'childRemoved' || event.type === 'delete') {
+          for (let i = event.values.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            let dom = event.values[i]._dom
+            let fixPosition = null
+            if (anchorViewPosition === null) {
+              // nop
+            } else if (anchorViewPosition.anchor !== null) {
+              // no scrolling when current selection
+              if (!dom.contains(anchorViewPosition.anchor) && !anchorViewPosition.anchor.contains(dom)) {
+                fixPosition = anchorViewPosition
+              }
+            } else if (getBoundingClientRect(dom).top <= 0) {
+              // adjust scrolling if modified element is out of view,
+              // there is no anchor element, and the browser did not adjust scrollTop (this is checked later)
+              fixPosition = anchorViewPosition
+            }
+            dom.remove()
+            fixScrollPosition(yxml._scrollElement, fixPosition)
+          }
+        }
+        */
+      }
+    })
+  })
+}
--- a/src/Type/y-xml/y-xml.js
+++ b/src/Type/y-xml/y-xml.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+import YXmlFragment from './YXmlFragment.js'
+import YXmlElement from './YXmlElement.js'
+
+export { default as YXmlFragment } from './YXmlFragment.js'
+export { default as YXmlElement } from './YXmlElement.js'
+export { default as YXmlText } from './YXmlText.js'
+
+YXmlFragment._YXmlElement = YXmlElement
--- a/src/Util/EventHandler.js
+++ b/src/Util/EventHandler.js
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+
+export default class EventHandler {
+  constructor () {
+    this.eventListeners = []
+  }
+  destroy () {
+    this.eventListeners = null
+  }
+  addEventListener (f) {
+    this.eventListeners.push(f)
+  }
+  removeEventListener (f) {
+    this.eventListeners = this.eventListeners.filter(function (g) {
+      return f !== g
+    })
+  }
+  removeAllEventListeners () {
+    this.eventListeners = []
+  }
+  callEventListeners (transaction, event) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < this.eventListeners.length; i++) {
+      try {
+        const f = this.eventListeners[i]
+        f(event)
+      } catch (e) {
+        /*
+          Your observer threw an error. This error was caught so that Yjs
+          can ensure data consistency! In order to debug this error you
+          have to check "Pause On Caught Exceptions" in developer tools.
+        */
+        console.error(e)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Util/ID.js
+++ b/src/Util/ID.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+export default class ID {
+  constructor (user, clock) {
+    this.user = user
+    this.clock = clock
+  }
+  clone () {
+    return new ID(this.user, this.clock)
+  }
+  equals (id) {
+    return id !== null && id.user === this.user && id.clock === this.clock
+  }
+  lessThan (id) {
+    return this.user < id.user || (this.user === id.user && this.clock < id.clock)
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Util/NamedEventHandler.js
+++ b/src/Util/NamedEventHandler.js
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+export default class NamedEventHandler {
+  constructor () {
+    this._eventListener = new Map()
+  }
+  _getListener (name) {
+    let listeners = this._eventListener.get(name)
+    if (listeners === undefined) {
+      listeners = {
+        once: new Set(),
+        on: new Set()
+      }
+      this._eventListener.set(name, listeners)
+    }
+    return listeners
+  }
+  once (name, f) {
+    let listeners = this._getListener(name)
+    listeners.once.add(f)
+  }
+  on (name, f) {
+    let listeners = this._getListener(name)
+    listeners.on.add(f)
+  }
+  off (name, f) {
+    if (name == null || f == null) {
+      throw new Error('You must specify event name and function!')
+    }
+    const listener = this._eventListener.get(name)
+    if (listener !== undefined) {
+      listener.remove(f)
+    }
+  }
+  emit (name, ...args) {
+    const listener = this._eventListener.get(name)
+    if (listener !== undefined) {
+      listener.on.forEach(f => f.apply(null, args))
+      listener.once.forEach(f => f.apply(null, args))
+      listener.once = new Set()
+    } else if (name === 'error') {
+      console.error(args[0])
+    }
+  }
+  destroy () {
+    this._eventListener = null
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Util/RootID.js
+++ b/src/Util/RootID.js
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { getReference } from './structReferences.js'
+
+export const RootFakeUserID = 0xFFFFFF
+
+export default class RootID {
+  constructor (name, typeConstructor) {
+    this.user = RootFakeUserID
+    this.name = name
+    this.type = getReference(typeConstructor)
+  }
+  equals (id) {
+    return id !== null && id.user === this.user && id.name === this.name && id.type === this.type
+  }
+  lessThan (id) {
+    return this.user < id.user || (this.user === id.user && (this.name < id.name || (this.name === id.name && this.type < id.type)))
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Util/Tree.js
+++ b/src/Util/Tree.js
@@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
+
+class N {
+  // A created node is always red!
+  constructor (val) {
+    this.val = val
+    this.color = true
+    this._left = null
+    this._right = null
+    this._parent = null
+  }
+  isRed () { return this.color }
+  isBlack () { return !this.color }
+  redden () { this.color = true; return this }
+  blacken () { this.color = false; return this }
+  get grandparent () {
+    return this.parent.parent
+  }
+  get parent () {
+    return this._parent
+  }
+  get sibling () {
+    return (this === this.parent.left)
+      ? this.parent.right : this.parent.left
+  }
+  get left () {
+    return this._left
+  }
+  get right () {
+    return this._right
+  }
+  set left (n) {
+    if (n !== null) {
+      n._parent = this
+    }
+    this._left = n
+  }
+  set right (n) {
+    if (n !== null) {
+      n._parent = this
+    }
+    this._right = n
+  }
+  rotateLeft (tree) {
+    var parent = this.parent
+    var newParent = this.right
+    var newRight = this.right.left
+    newParent.left = this
+    this.right = newRight
+    if (parent === null) {
+      tree.root = newParent
+      newParent._parent = null
+    } else if (parent.left === this) {
+      parent.left = newParent
+    } else if (parent.right === this) {
+      parent.right = newParent
+    } else {
+      throw new Error('The elements are wrongly connected!')
+    }
+  }
+  next () {
+    if (this.right !== null) {
+      // search the most left node in the right tree
+      var o = this.right
+      while (o.left !== null) {
+        o = o.left
+      }
+      return o
+    } else {
+      var p = this
+      while (p.parent !== null && p !== p.parent.left) {
+        p = p.parent
+      }
+      return p.parent
+    }
+  }
+  prev () {
+    if (this.left !== null) {
+      // search the most right node in the left tree
+      var o = this.left
+      while (o.right !== null) {
+        o = o.right
+      }
+      return o
+    } else {
+      var p = this
+      while (p.parent !== null && p !== p.parent.right) {
+        p = p.parent
+      }
+      return p.parent
+    }
+  }
+  rotateRight (tree) {
+    var parent = this.parent
+    var newParent = this.left
+    var newLeft = this.left.right
+    newParent.right = this
+    this.left = newLeft
+    if (parent === null) {
+      tree.root = newParent
+      newParent._parent = null
+    } else if (parent.left === this) {
+      parent.left = newParent
+    } else if (parent.right === this) {
+      parent.right = newParent
+    } else {
+      throw new Error('The elements are wrongly connected!')
+    }
+  }
+  getUncle () {
+    // we can assume that grandparent exists when this is called!
+    if (this.parent === this.parent.parent.left) {
+      return this.parent.parent.right
+    } else {
+      return this.parent.parent.left
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is a Red Black Tree implementation
+ */
+export default class Tree {
+  constructor () {
+    this.root = null
+    this.length = 0
+  }
+  findNext (id) {
+    var nextID = id.clone()
+    nextID.clock += 1
+    return this.findWithLowerBound(nextID)
+  }
+  findPrev (id) {
+    let prevID = id.clone()
+    prevID.clock -= 1
+    return this.findWithUpperBound(prevID)
+  }
+  findNodeWithLowerBound (from) {
+    var o = this.root
+    if (o === null) {
+      return null
+    } else {
+      while (true) {
+        if (from === null || (from.lessThan(o.val._id) && o.left !== null)) {
+          // o is included in the bound
+          // try to find an element that is closer to the bound
+          o = o.left
+        } else if (from !== null && o.val._id.lessThan(from)) {
+          // o is not within the bound, maybe one of the right elements is..
+          if (o.right !== null) {
+            o = o.right
+          } else {
+            // there is no right element. Search for the next bigger element,
+            // this should be within the bounds
+            return o.next()
+          }
+        } else {
+          return o
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  findNodeWithUpperBound (to) {
+    if (to === void 0) {
+      throw new Error('You must define from!')
+    }
+    var o = this.root
+    if (o === null) {
+      return null
+    } else {
+      while (true) {
+        if ((to === null || o.val._id.lessThan(to)) && o.right !== null) {
+          // o is included in the bound
+          // try to find an element that is closer to the bound
+          o = o.right
+        } else if (to !== null && to.lessThan(o.val._id)) {
+          // o is not within the bound, maybe one of the left elements is..
+          if (o.left !== null) {
+            o = o.left
+          } else {
+            // there is no left element. Search for the prev smaller element,
+            // this should be within the bounds
+            return o.prev()
+          }
+        } else {
+          return o
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  findSmallestNode () {
+    var o = this.root
+    while (o != null && o.left != null) {
+      o = o.left
+    }
+    return o
+  }
+  findWithLowerBound (from) {
+    var n = this.findNodeWithLowerBound(from)
+    return n == null ? null : n.val
+  }
+  findWithUpperBound (to) {
+    var n = this.findNodeWithUpperBound(to)
+    return n == null ? null : n.val
+  }
+  iterate (from, to, f) {
+    var o
+    if (from === null) {
+      o = this.findSmallestNode()
+    } else {
+      o = this.findNodeWithLowerBound(from)
+    }
+    while (
+      o !== null &&
+      (
+        to === null || // eslint-disable-line no-unmodified-loop-condition
+        o.val._id.lessThan(to) ||
+        o.val._id.equals(to)
+      )
+    ) {
+      f(o.val)
+      o = o.next()
+    }
+  }
+  find (id) {
+    let n = this.findNode(id)
+    if (n !== null) {
+      return n.val
+    } else {
+      return null
+    }
+  }
+  findNode (id) {
+    var o = this.root
+    if (o === null) {
+      return null
+    } else {
+      while (true) {
+        if (o === null) {
+          return null
+        }
+        if (id.lessThan(o.val._id)) {
+          o = o.left
+        } else if (o.val._id.lessThan(id)) {
+          o = o.right
+        } else {
+          return o
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  delete (id) {
+    var d = this.findNode(id)
+    if (d == null) {
+      // throw new Error('Element does not exist!')
+      return
+    }
+    this.length--
+    if (d.left !== null && d.right !== null) {
+      // switch d with the greates element in the left subtree.
+      // o should have at most one child.
+      var o = d.left
+      // find
+      while (o.right !== null) {
+        o = o.right
+      }
+      // switch
+      d.val = o.val
+      d = o
+    }
+    // d has at most one child
+    // let n be the node that replaces d
+    var isFakeChild
+    var child = d.left || d.right
+    if (child === null) {
+      isFakeChild = true
+      child = new N(null)
+      child.blacken()
+      d.right = child
+    } else {
+      isFakeChild = false
+    }
+
+    if (d.parent === null) {
+      if (!isFakeChild) {
+        this.root = child
+        child.blacken()
+        child._parent = null
+      } else {
+        this.root = null
+      }
+      return
+    } else if (d.parent.left === d) {
+      d.parent.left = child
+    } else if (d.parent.right === d) {
+      d.parent.right = child
+    } else {
+      throw new Error('Impossible!')
+    }
+    if (d.isBlack()) {
+      if (child.isRed()) {
+        child.blacken()
+      } else {
+        this._fixDelete(child)
+      }
+    }
+    this.root.blacken()
+    if (isFakeChild) {
+      if (child.parent.left === child) {
+        child.parent.left = null
+      } else if (child.parent.right === child) {
+        child.parent.right = null
+      } else {
+        throw new Error('Impossible #3')
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  _fixDelete (n) {
+    function isBlack (node) {
+      return node !== null ? node.isBlack() : true
+    }
+    function isRed (node) {
+      return node !== null ? node.isRed() : false
+    }
+    if (n.parent === null) {
+      // this can only be called after the first iteration of fixDelete.
+      return
+    }
+    // d was already replaced by the child
+    // d is not the root
+    // d and child are black
+    var sibling = n.sibling
+    if (isRed(sibling)) {
+      // make sibling the grandfather
+      n.parent.redden()
+      sibling.blacken()
+      if (n === n.parent.left) {
+        n.parent.rotateLeft(this)
+      } else if (n === n.parent.right) {
+        n.parent.rotateRight(this)
+      } else {
+        throw new Error('Impossible #2')
+      }
+      sibling = n.sibling
+    }
+    // parent, sibling, and children of n are black
+    if (n.parent.isBlack() &&
+      sibling.isBlack() &&
+      isBlack(sibling.left) &&
+      isBlack(sibling.right)
+    ) {
+      sibling.redden()
+      this._fixDelete(n.parent)
+    } else if (n.parent.isRed() &&
+      sibling.isBlack() &&
+      isBlack(sibling.left) &&
+      isBlack(sibling.right)
+    ) {
+      sibling.redden()
+      n.parent.blacken()
+    } else {
+      if (n === n.parent.left &&
+        sibling.isBlack() &&
+        isRed(sibling.left) &&
+        isBlack(sibling.right)
+      ) {
+        sibling.redden()
+        sibling.left.blacken()
+        sibling.rotateRight(this)
+        sibling = n.sibling
+      } else if (n === n.parent.right &&
+        sibling.isBlack() &&
+        isRed(sibling.right) &&
+        isBlack(sibling.left)
+      ) {
+        sibling.redden()
+        sibling.right.blacken()
+        sibling.rotateLeft(this)
+        sibling = n.sibling
+      }
+      sibling.color = n.parent.color
+      n.parent.blacken()
+      if (n === n.parent.left) {
+        sibling.right.blacken()
+        n.parent.rotateLeft(this)
+      } else {
+        sibling.left.blacken()
+        n.parent.rotateRight(this)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  put (v) {
+    var node = new N(v)
+    if (this.root !== null) {
+      var p = this.root // p abbrev. parent
+      while (true) {
+        if (node.val._id.lessThan(p.val._id)) {
+          if (p.left === null) {
+            p.left = node
+            break
+          } else {
+            p = p.left
+          }
+        } else if (p.val._id.lessThan(node.val._id)) {
+          if (p.right === null) {
+            p.right = node
+            break
+          } else {
+            p = p.right
+          }
+        } else {
+          p.val = node.val
+          return p
+        }
+      }
+      this._fixInsert(node)
+    } else {
+      this.root = node
+    }
+    this.length++
+    this.root.blacken()
+    return node
+  }
+  _fixInsert (n) {
+    if (n.parent === null) {
+      n.blacken()
+      return
+    } else if (n.parent.isBlack()) {
+      return
+    }
+    var uncle = n.getUncle()
+    if (uncle !== null && uncle.isRed()) {
+      // Note: parent: red, uncle: red
+      n.parent.blacken()
+      uncle.blacken()
+      n.grandparent.redden()
+      this._fixInsert(n.grandparent)
+    } else {
+      // Note: parent: red, uncle: black or null
+      // Now we transform the tree in such a way that
+      // either of these holds:
+      //   1) grandparent.left.isRed
+      //     and grandparent.left.left.isRed
+      //   2) grandparent.right.isRed
+      //     and grandparent.right.right.isRed
+      if (n === n.parent.right && n.parent === n.grandparent.left) {
+        n.parent.rotateLeft(this)
+        // Since we rotated and want to use the previous
+        // cases, we need to set n in such a way that
+        // n.parent.isRed again
+        n = n.left
+      } else if (n === n.parent.left && n.parent === n.grandparent.right) {
+        n.parent.rotateRight(this)
+        // see above
+        n = n.right
+      }
+      // Case 1) or 2) hold from here on.
+      // Now traverse grandparent, make parent a black node
+      // on the highest level which holds two red nodes.
+      n.parent.blacken()
+      n.grandparent.redden()
+      if (n === n.parent.left) {
+        // Case 1
+        n.grandparent.rotateRight(this)
+      } else {
+        // Case 2
+        n.grandparent.rotateLeft(this)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  flush () {}
+}
--- a/src/Util/UndoManager.js
+++ b/src/Util/UndoManager.js
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+import ID from './ID.js'
+
+class ReverseOperation {
+  constructor (y, transaction) {
+    this.created = new Date()
+    const beforeState = transaction.beforeState
+    this.toState = new ID(y.userID, y.ss.getState(y.userID) - 1)
+    if (beforeState.has(y.userID)) {
+      this.fromState = new ID(y.userID, beforeState.get(y.userID))
+    } else {
+      this.fromState = this.toState
+    }
+    this.deletedStructs = transaction.deletedStructs
+  }
+}
+
+function isStructInScope (y, struct, scope) {
+  while (struct !== y) {
+    if (struct === scope) {
+      return true
+    }
+    struct = struct._parent
+  }
+  return false
+}
+
+function applyReverseOperation (y, scope, reverseBuffer) {
+  let performedUndo = false
+  y.transact(() => {
+    while (!performedUndo && reverseBuffer.length > 0) {
+      let undoOp = reverseBuffer.pop()
+      // make sure that it is possible to iterate {from}-{to}
+      y.os.getItemCleanStart(undoOp.fromState)
+      y.os.getItemCleanEnd(undoOp.toState)
+      y.os.iterate(undoOp.fromState, undoOp.toState, op => {
+        if (!op._deleted && isStructInScope(y, op, scope)) {
+          performedUndo = true
+          op._delete(y)
+        }
+      })
+      for (let op of undoOp.deletedStructs) {
+        if (
+          isStructInScope(y, op, scope) &&
+          op._parent !== y &&
+          !op._parent._deleted &&
+          (
+            op._parent._id.user !== y.userID ||
+            op._parent._id.clock < undoOp.fromState.clock ||
+            op._parent._id.clock > undoOp.fromState.clock
+          )
+        ) {
+          performedUndo = true
+          op = op._copy(undoOp.deletedStructs)
+          op._integrate(y)
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  })
+  return performedUndo
+}
+
+export default class UndoManager {
+  constructor (scope, options = {}) {
+    this.options = options
+    options.captureTimeout = options.captureTimeout == null ? 500 : options.captureTimeout
+    this._undoBuffer = []
+    this._redoBuffer = []
+    this._scope = scope
+    this._undoing = false
+    this._redoing = false
+    const y = scope._y
+    this.y = y
+    y.on('afterTransaction', (y, transaction, remote) => {
+      if (!remote && transaction.changedParentTypes.has(scope)) {
+        let reverseOperation = new ReverseOperation(y, transaction)
+        if (!this._undoing) {
+          let lastUndoOp = this._undoBuffer.length > 0 ? this._undoBuffer[this._undoBuffer.length - 1] : null
+          if (lastUndoOp !== null && reverseOperation.created - lastUndoOp.created <= options.captureTimeout) {
+            lastUndoOp.created = reverseOperation.created
+            lastUndoOp.toState = reverseOperation.toState
+            reverseOperation.deletedStructs.forEach(lastUndoOp.deletedStructs.add, lastUndoOp.deletedStructs)
+          } else {
+            this._undoBuffer.push(reverseOperation)
+          }
+          if (!this._redoing) {
+            this._redoBuffer = []
+          }
+        } else {
+          this._redoBuffer.push(reverseOperation)
+        }
+      }
+    })
+  }
+  undo () {
+    this._undoing = true
+    const performedUndo = applyReverseOperation(this.y, this._scope, this._undoBuffer)
+    this._undoing = false
+    return performedUndo
+  }
+  redo () {
+    this._redoing = true
+    const performedRedo = applyReverseOperation(this.y, this._scope, this._redoBuffer)
+    this._redoing = false
+    return performedRedo
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Util/YEvent.js
+++ b/src/Util/YEvent.js
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+export default class YEvent {
+  constructor (target) {
+    this.target = target
+    this.currentTarget = target
+  }
+  get path () {
+    const path = []
+    let type = this.target
+    const y = type._y
+    while (type !== this.currentTarget && type !== y) {
+      let parent = type._parent
+      if (type._parentSub !== null) {
+        path.unshift(type._parentSub)
+      } else {
+        // parent is array-ish
+        for (let [i, child] of parent) {
+          if (child === type) {
+            path.unshift(i)
+            break
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      type = parent
+    }
+    return path
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Util/defragmentItemContent.js
+++ b/src/Util/defragmentItemContent.js
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+
+import ID from '../Util/ID.js'
+import ItemJSON from '../Struct/ItemJSON.js'
+import ItemString from '../Struct/ItemString.js'
+
+/**
+ * Try to merge all items in os with their successors.
+ *
+ * Some transformations (like delete) fragment items.
+ * Item(c: 'ab') + Delete(1,1) + Delete(0, 1) -> Item(c: 'a',deleted);Item(c: 'b',deleted)
+ *
+ * This functions merges the fragmented nodes together:
+ * Item(c: 'a',deleted);Item(c: 'b',deleted) -> Item(c: 'ab', deleted)
+ *
+ * TODO: The Tree implementation does not support deletions in-spot.
+ *       This is why all deletions must be performed after the traversal.
+ *
+ */
+export function defragmentItemContent (y) {
+  const os = y.os
+  if (os.length < 2) {
+    return
+  }
+  let deletes = []
+  let node = os.findSmallestNode()
+  let next = node.next()
+  while (next !== null) {
+    let a = node.val
+    let b = next.val
+    if (
+      (a instanceof ItemJSON || a instanceof ItemString) &&
+      a.constructor === b.constructor &&
+      a._deleted === b._deleted &&
+      a._right === b &&
+      (new ID(a._id.user, a._id.clock + a._length)).equals(b._id)
+    ) {
+      a._right = b._right
+      if (a instanceof ItemJSON) {
+        a._content = a._content.concat(b._content)
+      } else if (a instanceof ItemString) {
+        a._content += b._content
+      }
+      // delete b later
+      deletes.push(b._id)
+      // do not iterate node!
+      // !(node = next)
+    } else {
+      // not able to merge node, get next node
+      node = next
+    }
+    // update next
+    next = next.next()
+  }
+  for (let i = deletes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    os.delete(deletes[i])
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Util/generateUserID.js
+++ b/src/Util/generateUserID.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* global crypto */
+
+export function generateUserID () {
+  if (typeof crypto !== 'undefined' && crypto.getRandomValue != null) {
+    // browser
+    let arr = new Uint32Array(1)
+    crypto.getRandomValues(arr)
+    return arr[0]
+  } else if (typeof crypto !== 'undefined' && crypto.randomBytes != null) {
+    // node
+    let buf = crypto.randomBytes(4)
+    return new Uint32Array(buf.buffer)[0]
+  } else {
+    return Math.ceil(Math.random() * 0xFFFFFFFF)
+  }
+}
--- a/src/Util/relativePosition.js
+++ b/src/Util/relativePosition.js
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import ID from './ID.js'
+import RootID from './RootID.js'
+
+export function getRelativePosition (type, offset) {
+  if (offset === 0) {
+    return ['startof', type._id.user, type._id.clock || null, type._id.name || null, type._id.type || null]
+  } else {
+    let t = type._start
+    while (t !== null) {
+      if (t._length >= offset) {
+        return [t._id.user, t._id.clock + offset - 1]
+      }
+      if (t._right === null) {
+        return [t._id.user, t._id.clock + t._length - 1]
+      }
+      if (!t._deleted) {
+        offset -= t._length
+      }
+      t = t._right
+    }
+    return null
+  }
+}
+
+export function fromRelativePosition (y, rpos) {
+  if (rpos[0] === 'startof') {
+    let id
+    if (rpos[3] === null) {
+      id = new ID(rpos[1], rpos[2])
+    } else {
+      id = new RootID(rpos[3], rpos[4])
+    }
+    return {
+      type: y.os.get(id),
+      offset: 0
+    }
+  } else {
+    let offset = 0
+    let struct = y.os.findNodeWithUpperBound(new ID(rpos[0], rpos[1])).val
+    const parent = struct._parent
+    if (parent._deleted) {
+      return null
+    }
+    if (!struct._deleted) {
+      offset = rpos[1] - struct._id.clock + 1
+    }
+    struct = struct._left
+    while (struct !== null) {
+      if (!struct._deleted) {
+        offset += struct._length
+      }
+      struct = struct._left
+    }
+    return {
+      type: parent,
+      offset: offset
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More